Swahili
Etymology
Borrowed from Arabic كَفَّنَ (kaffana).
Pronunciation
Verb
-kafini (infinitive kukafini)
- to shroud, to cover with a shroud (of a corpse)
Conjugation
Conjugation of -kafini
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Positive present
|
-nakafini
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Subjunctive
|
-kafini
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Negative
|
-kafini
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Imperative singular
|
kafini
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Infinitives
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Imperatives
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Singular
|
kafini
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Plural
|
kafinini
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Tensed forms
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Habitual
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hukafini
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Positive past
|
positive subject concord + -likafini
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Negative past
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negative subject concord + -kukafini
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Positive present (positive subject concord + -nakafini)
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Singular
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Plural
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1st person
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ninakafini/nakafini
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tunakafini
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2nd person
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unakafini
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mnakafini
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3rd person
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m-wa(I/II)
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anakafini
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wanakafini
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other classes
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positive subject concord + -nakafini
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Negative present (negative subject concord + -kafini)
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Singular
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Plural
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1st person
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sikafini
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hatukafini
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2nd person
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hukafini
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hamkafini
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3rd person
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m-wa(I/II)
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hakafini
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hawakafini
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other classes
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negative subject concord + -kafini
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Positive future
|
positive subject concord + -takafini
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Negative future
|
negative subject concord + -takafini
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Positive subjunctive (positive subject concord + -kafini)
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Singular
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Plural
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1st person
|
nikafini
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tukafini
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2nd person
|
ukafini
|
mkafini
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3rd person
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m-wa(I/II)
|
akafini
|
wakafini
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other classes
|
positive subject concord + -kafini
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Negative subjunctive
|
positive subject concord + -sikafini
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Positive present conditional
|
positive subject concord + -ngekafini
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Negative present conditional
|
positive subject concord + -singekafini
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Positive past conditional
|
positive subject concord + -ngalikafini
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Negative past conditional
|
positive subject concord + -singalikafini
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Gnomic (positive subject concord + -akafini)
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Singular
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Plural
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1st person
|
nakafini
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twakafini
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2nd person
|
wakafini
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mwakafini
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3rd person
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m-wa(I/II)
|
akafini
|
wakafini
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m-mi(III/IV)
|
wakafini
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yakafini
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ji-ma(V/VI)
|
lakafini
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yakafini
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ki-vi(VII/VIII)
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chakafini
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vyakafini
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n(IX/X)
|
yakafini
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zakafini
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u(XI)
|
wakafini
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see n(X) or ma(VI) class
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ku(XV/XVII)
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kwakafini
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pa(XVI)
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pakafini
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mu(XVIII)
|
mwakafini
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|
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Perfect
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positive subject concord + -mekafini
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"Already"
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positive subject concord + -meshakafini
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"Not yet"
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negative subject concord + -jakafini
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"If/When"
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positive subject concord + -kikafini
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"If not"
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positive subject concord + -sipokafini
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Consecutive
|
kakafini / positive subject concord + -kakafini
|
Consecutive subjunctive
|
positive subject concord + -kakafini
|
|
Object concord (indicative positive)
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Singular
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Plural
|
1st person
|
-nikafini
|
-tukafini
|
2nd person
|
-kukafini
|
-wakafini/-kukafinini/-wakafinini
|
3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
-mkafini
|
-wakafini
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m-mi(III/IV)
|
-ukafini
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-ikafini
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ji-ma(V/VI)
|
-likafini
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-yakafini
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ki-vi(VII/VIII)
|
-kikafini
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-vikafini
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n(IX/X)
|
-ikafini
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-zikafini
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u(XI)
|
-ukafini
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see n(X) or ma(VI) class
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ku(XV/XVII)
|
-kukafini
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pa(XVI)
|
-pakafini
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mu(XVIII)
|
-mukafini
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Reflexive
|
-jikafini
|
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Relative forms
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General positive (positive subject concord + (object concord) + -kafini- + relative marker)
|
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Singular
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Plural
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m-wa(I/II)
|
-kafiniye
|
-kafinio
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m-mi(III/IV)
|
-kafinio
|
-kafiniyo
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ji-ma(V/VI)
|
-kafinilo
|
-kafiniyo
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ki-vi(VII/VIII)
|
-kafinicho
|
-kafinivyo
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n(IX/X)
|
-kafiniyo
|
-kafinizo
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u(XI)
|
-kafinio
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see n(X) or ma(VI) class
|
ku(XV/XVII)
|
-kafiniko
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pa(XVI)
|
-kafinipo
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mu(XVIII)
|
-kafinimo
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|
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Other forms (subject concord + tense marker + relative marker + (object concord) + -kafini)
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|
Singular
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Plural
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m-wa(I/II)
|
-yekafini
|
-okafini
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m-mi(III/IV)
|
-okafini
|
-yokafini
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ji-ma(V/VI)
|
-lokafini
|
-yokafini
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ki-vi(VII/VIII)
|
-chokafini
|
-vyokafini
|
n(IX/X)
|
-yokafini
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-zokafini
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u(XI)
|
-okafini
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see n(X) or ma(VI) class
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ku(XV/XVII)
|
-kokafini
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pa(XVI)
|
-pokafini
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mu(XVIII)
|
-mokafini
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Some forms not commonly seen in modern Standard Swahili are absent from the table. See Appendix:Swahili verbs for more information.
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