Ajië
Pronunciation
Numeral
kariri
- three
References
- Leenhardt, M. (1935) Vocabulaire et grammaire de la langue Houaïlou, Paris: Institut d'ethnologie. Cited in: "Houaïlou" in Greenhill, S.J., Blust, R., & Gray, R.D. (2008). The Austronesian Basic Vocabulary Database: From Bioinformatics to Lexomics. Evolutionary Bioinformatics, 4:271–283.
- Leenhardt, M. (1946) Langues et dialectes de l'Austro-Mèlanèsie. Cited in: "Ajiø" in Greenhill, S.J., Blust, R., & Gray, R.D. (2008). The Austronesian Basic Vocabulary Database: From Bioinformatics to Lexomics. Evolutionary Bioinformatics, 4:271–283.
Swahili
Etymology
Borrowed from Arabic كَرَّرَ (karrara).[1]
Pronunciation
Verb
-kariri (infinitive kukariri)
- to repeat, reiterate
- to recite, rehearse
Conjugation
| Conjugation of -kariri
|
| Positive present
|
-nakariri
|
| Subjunctive
|
-kariri
|
| Negative
|
-kariri
|
| Imperative singular
|
kariri
|
|
| Infinitives
|
|
|
| Imperatives
|
| Singular
|
kariri
|
| Plural
|
karirini
|
|
| Tensed forms
|
| Habitual
|
hukariri
|
| Positive past
|
positive subject concord + -likariri
|
| Negative past
|
negative subject concord + -kukariri
|
|
| Positive present (positive subject concord + -nakariri)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
ninakariri/nakariri
|
tunakariri
|
| 2nd person
|
unakariri
|
mnakariri
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
anakariri
|
wanakariri
|
| other classes
|
positive subject concord + -nakariri
|
|
| Negative present (negative subject concord + -kariri)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
sikariri
|
hatukariri
|
| 2nd person
|
hukariri
|
hamkariri
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
hakariri
|
hawakariri
|
| other classes
|
negative subject concord + -kariri
|
|
| Positive future
|
positive subject concord + -takariri
|
| Negative future
|
negative subject concord + -takariri
|
|
| Positive subjunctive (positive subject concord + -kariri)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
nikariri
|
tukariri
|
| 2nd person
|
ukariri
|
mkariri
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
akariri
|
wakariri
|
| other classes
|
positive subject concord + -kariri
|
|
| Negative subjunctive
|
positive subject concord + -sikariri
|
| Positive present conditional
|
positive subject concord + -ngekariri
|
| Negative present conditional
|
positive subject concord + -singekariri
|
| Positive past conditional
|
positive subject concord + -ngalikariri
|
| Negative past conditional
|
positive subject concord + -singalikariri
|
|
| Gnomic (positive subject concord + -akariri)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
nakariri
|
twakariri
|
| 2nd person
|
wakariri
|
mwakariri
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
akariri
|
wakariri
|
| m-mi(III/IV)
|
wakariri
|
yakariri
|
| ji-ma(V/VI)
|
lakariri
|
yakariri
|
| ki-vi(VII/VIII)
|
chakariri
|
vyakariri
|
| n(IX/X)
|
yakariri
|
zakariri
|
| u(XI)
|
wakariri
|
see n(X) or ma(VI) class
|
| ku(XV/XVII)
|
kwakariri
|
|
| pa(XVI)
|
pakariri
|
|
| mu(XVIII)
|
mwakariri
|
|
|
| Perfect
|
positive subject concord + -mekariri
|
| "Already"
|
positive subject concord + -meshakariri
|
| "Not yet"
|
negative subject concord + -jakariri
|
| "If/When"
|
positive subject concord + -kikariri
|
| "If not"
|
positive subject concord + -sipokariri
|
| Consecutive
|
kakariri / positive subject concord + -kakariri
|
| Consecutive subjunctive
|
positive subject concord + -kakariri
|
|
| Object concord (indicative positive)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
-nikariri
|
-tukariri
|
| 2nd person
|
-kukariri
|
-wakariri/-kukaririni/-wakaririni
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
-mkariri
|
-wakariri
|
| m-mi(III/IV)
|
-ukariri
|
-ikariri
|
| ji-ma(V/VI)
|
-likariri
|
-yakariri
|
| ki-vi(VII/VIII)
|
-kikariri
|
-vikariri
|
| n(IX/X)
|
-ikariri
|
-zikariri
|
| u(XI)
|
-ukariri
|
see n(X) or ma(VI) class
|
| ku(XV/XVII)
|
-kukariri
|
|
| pa(XVI)
|
-pakariri
|
|
| mu(XVIII)
|
-mukariri
|
|
| Reflexive
|
-jikariri
|
|
| Relative forms
|
| General positive (positive subject concord + (object concord) + -kariri- + relative marker)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| m-wa(I/II)
|
-kaririye
|
-karirio
|
| m-mi(III/IV)
|
-karirio
|
-kaririyo
|
| ji-ma(V/VI)
|
-karirilo
|
-kaririyo
|
| ki-vi(VII/VIII)
|
-kariricho
|
-karirivyo
|
| n(IX/X)
|
-kaririyo
|
-karirizo
|
| u(XI)
|
-karirio
|
see n(X) or ma(VI) class
|
| ku(XV/XVII)
|
-kaririko
|
|
| pa(XVI)
|
-kariripo
|
|
| mu(XVIII)
|
-karirimo
|
|
|
| Other forms (subject concord + tense marker + relative marker + (object concord) + -kariri)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| m-wa(I/II)
|
-yekariri
|
-okariri
|
| m-mi(III/IV)
|
-okariri
|
-yokariri
|
| ji-ma(V/VI)
|
-lokariri
|
-yokariri
|
| ki-vi(VII/VIII)
|
-chokariri
|
-vyokariri
|
| n(IX/X)
|
-yokariri
|
-zokariri
|
| u(XI)
|
-okariri
|
see n(X) or ma(VI) class
|
| ku(XV/XVII)
|
-kokariri
|
|
| pa(XVI)
|
-pokariri
|
|
| mu(XVIII)
|
-mokariri
|
|
|
|
| Some forms not commonly seen in modern Standard Swahili are absent from the table. See Appendix:Swahili verbs for more information.
|
References
- ^ Baldi, Sergio (30 November 2020) Dictionary of Arabic Loanwords in the Languages of Central and East Africa (Handbuch der Orientalistik; Erste Abteilung: Der Nahe und der Mittlere Osten; 145), Leiden • Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 259 Nr. 2408