Swahili
Etymology
Borrowed from Arabic كَشَّفَ (kaššafa). See kashfa for the semantic shift.
Verb
-kashifu (infinitive kukashifu)
- to defame, slander
Conjugation
| Conjugation of -kashifu
|
| Positive present
|
-nakashifu
|
| Subjunctive
|
-kashifu
|
| Negative
|
-kashifu
|
| Imperative singular
|
kashifu
|
|
| Infinitives
|
|
|
| Imperatives
|
| Singular
|
kashifu
|
| Plural
|
kashifuni
|
|
| Tensed forms
|
| Habitual
|
hukashifu
|
| Positive past
|
positive subject concord + -likashifu
|
| Negative past
|
negative subject concord + -kukashifu
|
|
| Positive present (positive subject concord + -nakashifu)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
ninakashifu/nakashifu
|
tunakashifu
|
| 2nd person
|
unakashifu
|
mnakashifu
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
anakashifu
|
wanakashifu
|
| other classes
|
positive subject concord + -nakashifu
|
|
| Negative present (negative subject concord + -kashifu)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
sikashifu
|
hatukashifu
|
| 2nd person
|
hukashifu
|
hamkashifu
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
hakashifu
|
hawakashifu
|
| other classes
|
negative subject concord + -kashifu
|
|
| Positive future
|
positive subject concord + -takashifu
|
| Negative future
|
negative subject concord + -takashifu
|
|
| Positive subjunctive (positive subject concord + -kashifu)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
nikashifu
|
tukashifu
|
| 2nd person
|
ukashifu
|
mkashifu
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
akashifu
|
wakashifu
|
| other classes
|
positive subject concord + -kashifu
|
|
| Negative subjunctive
|
positive subject concord + -sikashifu
|
| Positive present conditional
|
positive subject concord + -ngekashifu
|
| Negative present conditional
|
positive subject concord + -singekashifu
|
| Positive past conditional
|
positive subject concord + -ngalikashifu
|
| Negative past conditional
|
positive subject concord + -singalikashifu
|
|
| Gnomic (positive subject concord + -akashifu)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
nakashifu
|
twakashifu
|
| 2nd person
|
wakashifu
|
mwakashifu
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
akashifu
|
wakashifu
|
| m-mi(III/IV)
|
wakashifu
|
yakashifu
|
| ji-ma(V/VI)
|
lakashifu
|
yakashifu
|
| ki-vi(VII/VIII)
|
chakashifu
|
vyakashifu
|
| n(IX/X)
|
yakashifu
|
zakashifu
|
| u(XI)
|
wakashifu
|
see n(X) or ma(VI) class
|
| ku(XV/XVII)
|
kwakashifu
|
|
| pa(XVI)
|
pakashifu
|
|
| mu(XVIII)
|
mwakashifu
|
|
|
| Perfect
|
positive subject concord + -mekashifu
|
| "Already"
|
positive subject concord + -meshakashifu
|
| "Not yet"
|
negative subject concord + -jakashifu
|
| "If/When"
|
positive subject concord + -kikashifu
|
| "If not"
|
positive subject concord + -sipokashifu
|
| Consecutive
|
kakashifu / positive subject concord + -kakashifu
|
| Consecutive subjunctive
|
positive subject concord + -kakashifu
|
|
| Object concord (indicative positive)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
-nikashifu
|
-tukashifu
|
| 2nd person
|
-kukashifu
|
-wakashifu/-kukashifuni/-wakashifuni
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
-mkashifu
|
-wakashifu
|
| m-mi(III/IV)
|
-ukashifu
|
-ikashifu
|
| ji-ma(V/VI)
|
-likashifu
|
-yakashifu
|
| ki-vi(VII/VIII)
|
-kikashifu
|
-vikashifu
|
| n(IX/X)
|
-ikashifu
|
-zikashifu
|
| u(XI)
|
-ukashifu
|
see n(X) or ma(VI) class
|
| ku(XV/XVII)
|
-kukashifu
|
|
| pa(XVI)
|
-pakashifu
|
|
| mu(XVIII)
|
-mukashifu
|
|
| Reflexive
|
-jikashifu
|
|
| Relative forms
|
| General positive (positive subject concord + (object concord) + -kashifu- + relative marker)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| m-wa(I/II)
|
-kashifuye
|
-kashifuo
|
| m-mi(III/IV)
|
-kashifuo
|
-kashifuyo
|
| ji-ma(V/VI)
|
-kashifulo
|
-kashifuyo
|
| ki-vi(VII/VIII)
|
-kashifucho
|
-kashifuvyo
|
| n(IX/X)
|
-kashifuyo
|
-kashifuzo
|
| u(XI)
|
-kashifuo
|
see n(X) or ma(VI) class
|
| ku(XV/XVII)
|
-kashifuko
|
|
| pa(XVI)
|
-kashifupo
|
|
| mu(XVIII)
|
-kashifumo
|
|
|
| Other forms (subject concord + tense marker + relative marker + (object concord) + -kashifu)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| m-wa(I/II)
|
-yekashifu
|
-okashifu
|
| m-mi(III/IV)
|
-okashifu
|
-yokashifu
|
| ji-ma(V/VI)
|
-lokashifu
|
-yokashifu
|
| ki-vi(VII/VIII)
|
-chokashifu
|
-vyokashifu
|
| n(IX/X)
|
-yokashifu
|
-zokashifu
|
| u(XI)
|
-okashifu
|
see n(X) or ma(VI) class
|
| ku(XV/XVII)
|
-kokashifu
|
|
| pa(XVI)
|
-pokashifu
|
|
| mu(XVIII)
|
-mokashifu
|
|
|
|
| Some forms not commonly seen in modern Standard Swahili are absent from the table. See Appendix:Swahili verbs for more information.
|
Derived terms
- kashfa (“scandal; slander, libel, insult”)