Daur
Etymology
Perhaps Proto-Mongolic *kata- (“to harden, to dry out”) + -aa.
Pronunciation
Noun
kataa
- salt
- kataagw (“to dry, to desiccate”)
Swahili
Etymology
Borrowed from Arabic قَطَعَ (qaṭaʕa).
Pronunciation
Verb
-kataa (infinitive kukataa)
- to refuse, deny, object, renounce
18th century, Abdallah bin Ali bin Nasir, Al-Inkishafi[1], translation from R. Allen (1946) “Inkishafi—a translation from the Swahili”, in African Studies, volume 5, number 4, →DOI, pages 243–249, stanza 11:هُنِلِزِ نَمِ كَلِ بَيْنِ ، لِوَاپُ نَسُرَ نِسِ كَتَيْ- Hunelezi nami kali baini, liwapo na-sura nisi katae.
- Can't you tell it me plainly that I may admit it?
Conjugation
| Conjugation of -kataa
|
| Positive present
|
-nakataa
|
| Subjunctive
|
-katae
|
| Negative
|
-katai
|
| Imperative singular
|
kataa
|
|
| Infinitives
|
| Positive
|
kukataa
|
| Negative
|
kutokataa
|
|
| Imperatives
|
| Singular
|
kataa
|
| Plural
|
kataeni
|
|
| Tensed forms
|
| Habitual
|
hukataa
|
| Positive past
|
positive subject concord + -likataa
|
| Negative past
|
negative subject concord + -kukataa
|
|
| Positive present (positive subject concord + -nakataa)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
ninakataa/nakataa
|
tunakataa
|
| 2nd person
|
unakataa
|
mnakataa
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
anakataa
|
wanakataa
|
| other classes
|
positive subject concord + -nakataa
|
|
| Negative present (negative subject concord + -katai)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
sikatai
|
hatukatai
|
| 2nd person
|
hukatai
|
hamkatai
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
hakatai
|
hawakatai
|
| other classes
|
negative subject concord + -katai
|
|
| Positive future
|
positive subject concord + -takataa
|
| Negative future
|
negative subject concord + -takataa
|
|
| Positive subjunctive (positive subject concord + -katae)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
nikatae
|
tukatae
|
| 2nd person
|
ukatae
|
mkatae
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
akatae
|
wakatae
|
| other classes
|
positive subject concord + -katae
|
|
| Negative subjunctive
|
positive subject concord + -sikatae
|
| Positive present conditional
|
positive subject concord + -ngekataa
|
| Negative present conditional
|
positive subject concord + -singekataa
|
| Positive past conditional
|
positive subject concord + -ngalikataa
|
| Negative past conditional
|
positive subject concord + -singalikataa
|
|
| Gnomic (positive subject concord + -akataa)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
nakataa
|
twakataa
|
| 2nd person
|
wakataa
|
mwakataa
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
akataa
|
wakataa
|
| m-mi(III/IV)
|
wakataa
|
yakataa
|
| ji-ma(V/VI)
|
lakataa
|
yakataa
|
| ki-vi(VII/VIII)
|
chakataa
|
vyakataa
|
| n(IX/X)
|
yakataa
|
zakataa
|
| u(XI)
|
wakataa
|
see n(X) or ma(VI) class
|
| ku(XV/XVII)
|
kwakataa
|
|
| pa(XVI)
|
pakataa
|
|
| mu(XVIII)
|
mwakataa
|
|
|
| Perfect
|
positive subject concord + -mekataa
|
| "Already"
|
positive subject concord + -meshakataa
|
| "Not yet"
|
negative subject concord + -jakataa
|
| "If/When"
|
positive subject concord + -kikataa
|
| "If not"
|
positive subject concord + -sipokataa
|
| Consecutive
|
kakataa / positive subject concord + -kakataa
|
| Consecutive subjunctive
|
positive subject concord + -kakatae
|
|
| Object concord (indicative positive)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
-nikataa
|
-tukataa
|
| 2nd person
|
-kukataa
|
-wakataa/-kukataeni/-wakataeni
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
-mkataa
|
-wakataa
|
| m-mi(III/IV)
|
-ukataa
|
-ikataa
|
| ji-ma(V/VI)
|
-likataa
|
-yakataa
|
| ki-vi(VII/VIII)
|
-kikataa
|
-vikataa
|
| n(IX/X)
|
-ikataa
|
-zikataa
|
| u(XI)
|
-ukataa
|
see n(X) or ma(VI) class
|
| ku(XV/XVII)
|
-kukataa
|
|
| pa(XVI)
|
-pakataa
|
|
| mu(XVIII)
|
-mukataa
|
|
| Reflexive
|
-jikataa
|
|
| Relative forms
|
| General positive (positive subject concord + (object concord) + -kataa- + relative marker)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| m-wa(I/II)
|
-kataaye
|
-kataao
|
| m-mi(III/IV)
|
-kataao
|
-kataayo
|
| ji-ma(V/VI)
|
-kataalo
|
-kataayo
|
| ki-vi(VII/VIII)
|
-kataacho
|
-kataavyo
|
| n(IX/X)
|
-kataayo
|
-kataazo
|
| u(XI)
|
-kataao
|
see n(X) or ma(VI) class
|
| ku(XV/XVII)
|
-kataako
|
|
| pa(XVI)
|
-kataapo
|
|
| mu(XVIII)
|
-kataamo
|
|
|
| Other forms (subject concord + tense marker + relative marker + (object concord) + -kataa)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| m-wa(I/II)
|
-yekataa
|
-okataa
|
| m-mi(III/IV)
|
-okataa
|
-yokataa
|
| ji-ma(V/VI)
|
-lokataa
|
-yokataa
|
| ki-vi(VII/VIII)
|
-chokataa
|
-vyokataa
|
| n(IX/X)
|
-yokataa
|
-zokataa
|
| u(XI)
|
-okataa
|
see n(X) or ma(VI) class
|
| ku(XV/XVII)
|
-kokataa
|
|
| pa(XVI)
|
-pokataa
|
|
| mu(XVIII)
|
-mokataa
|
|
|
|
| Some forms not commonly seen in modern Standard Swahili are absent from the table. See Appendix:Swahili verbs for more information.
|
Derived terms