Swahili
Pronunciation
Verb
-kawisha (infinitive kukawisha)
- Causative form of -kawa: to postpone, cause to be delayed
Conjugation
| Conjugation of -kawisha
|
| Positive present
|
-nakawisha
|
| Subjunctive
|
-kawishe
|
| Negative
|
-kawishi
|
| Imperative singular
|
kawisha
|
|
| Infinitives
|
|
|
| Imperatives
|
| Singular
|
kawisha
|
| Plural
|
kawisheni
|
|
| Tensed forms
|
| Habitual
|
hukawisha
|
| Positive past
|
positive subject concord + -likawisha
|
| Negative past
|
negative subject concord + -kukawisha
|
|
| Positive present (positive subject concord + -nakawisha)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
ninakawisha/nakawisha
|
tunakawisha
|
| 2nd person
|
unakawisha
|
mnakawisha
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
anakawisha
|
wanakawisha
|
| other classes
|
positive subject concord + -nakawisha
|
|
| Negative present (negative subject concord + -kawishi)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
sikawishi
|
hatukawishi
|
| 2nd person
|
hukawishi
|
hamkawishi
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
hakawishi
|
hawakawishi
|
| other classes
|
negative subject concord + -kawishi
|
|
| Positive future
|
positive subject concord + -takawisha
|
| Negative future
|
negative subject concord + -takawisha
|
|
| Positive subjunctive (positive subject concord + -kawishe)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
nikawishe
|
tukawishe
|
| 2nd person
|
ukawishe
|
mkawishe
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
akawishe
|
wakawishe
|
| other classes
|
positive subject concord + -kawishe
|
|
| Negative subjunctive
|
positive subject concord + -sikawishe
|
| Positive present conditional
|
positive subject concord + -ngekawisha
|
| Negative present conditional
|
positive subject concord + -singekawisha
|
| Positive past conditional
|
positive subject concord + -ngalikawisha
|
| Negative past conditional
|
positive subject concord + -singalikawisha
|
|
| Gnomic (positive subject concord + -akawisha)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
nakawisha
|
twakawisha
|
| 2nd person
|
wakawisha
|
mwakawisha
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
akawisha
|
wakawisha
|
| m-mi(III/IV)
|
wakawisha
|
yakawisha
|
| ji-ma(V/VI)
|
lakawisha
|
yakawisha
|
| ki-vi(VII/VIII)
|
chakawisha
|
vyakawisha
|
| n(IX/X)
|
yakawisha
|
zakawisha
|
| u(XI)
|
wakawisha
|
see n(X) or ma(VI) class
|
| ku(XV/XVII)
|
kwakawisha
|
|
| pa(XVI)
|
pakawisha
|
|
| mu(XVIII)
|
mwakawisha
|
|
|
| Perfect
|
positive subject concord + -mekawisha
|
| "Already"
|
positive subject concord + -meshakawisha
|
| "Not yet"
|
negative subject concord + -jakawisha
|
| "If/When"
|
positive subject concord + -kikawisha
|
| "If not"
|
positive subject concord + -sipokawisha
|
| Consecutive
|
kakawisha / positive subject concord + -kakawisha
|
| Consecutive subjunctive
|
positive subject concord + -kakawishe
|
|
| Object concord (indicative positive)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
-nikawisha
|
-tukawisha
|
| 2nd person
|
-kukawisha
|
-wakawisha/-kukawisheni/-wakawisheni
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
-mkawisha
|
-wakawisha
|
| m-mi(III/IV)
|
-ukawisha
|
-ikawisha
|
| ji-ma(V/VI)
|
-likawisha
|
-yakawisha
|
| ki-vi(VII/VIII)
|
-kikawisha
|
-vikawisha
|
| n(IX/X)
|
-ikawisha
|
-zikawisha
|
| u(XI)
|
-ukawisha
|
see n(X) or ma(VI) class
|
| ku(XV/XVII)
|
-kukawisha
|
|
| pa(XVI)
|
-pakawisha
|
|
| mu(XVIII)
|
-mukawisha
|
|
| Reflexive
|
-jikawisha
|
|
| Relative forms
|
| General positive (positive subject concord + (object concord) + -kawisha- + relative marker)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| m-wa(I/II)
|
-kawishaye
|
-kawishao
|
| m-mi(III/IV)
|
-kawishao
|
-kawishayo
|
| ji-ma(V/VI)
|
-kawishalo
|
-kawishayo
|
| ki-vi(VII/VIII)
|
-kawishacho
|
-kawishavyo
|
| n(IX/X)
|
-kawishayo
|
-kawishazo
|
| u(XI)
|
-kawishao
|
see n(X) or ma(VI) class
|
| ku(XV/XVII)
|
-kawishako
|
|
| pa(XVI)
|
-kawishapo
|
|
| mu(XVIII)
|
-kawishamo
|
|
|
| Other forms (subject concord + tense marker + relative marker + (object concord) + -kawisha)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| m-wa(I/II)
|
-yekawisha
|
-okawisha
|
| m-mi(III/IV)
|
-okawisha
|
-yokawisha
|
| ji-ma(V/VI)
|
-lokawisha
|
-yokawisha
|
| ki-vi(VII/VIII)
|
-chokawisha
|
-vyokawisha
|
| n(IX/X)
|
-yokawisha
|
-zokawisha
|
| u(XI)
|
-okawisha
|
see n(X) or ma(VI) class
|
| ku(XV/XVII)
|
-kokawisha
|
|
| pa(XVI)
|
-pokawisha
|
|
| mu(XVIII)
|
-mokawisha
|
|
|
|
| Some forms not commonly seen in modern Standard Swahili are absent from the table. See Appendix:Swahili verbs for more information.
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