Swahili
Verb
-keshana (infinitive kukeshana)
- Reciprocal form of -kesha
Conjugation
| Conjugation of -keshana
|
| Positive present
|
-nakeshana
|
| Subjunctive
|
-keshane
|
| Negative
|
-keshani
|
| Imperative singular
|
keshana
|
|
| Infinitives
|
|
|
| Imperatives
|
| Singular
|
keshana
|
| Plural
|
keshaneni
|
|
| Tensed forms
|
| Habitual
|
hukeshana
|
| Positive past
|
positive subject concord + -likeshana
|
| Negative past
|
negative subject concord + -kukeshana
|
|
| Positive present (positive subject concord + -nakeshana)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
ninakeshana/nakeshana
|
tunakeshana
|
| 2nd person
|
unakeshana
|
mnakeshana
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
anakeshana
|
wanakeshana
|
| other classes
|
positive subject concord + -nakeshana
|
|
| Negative present (negative subject concord + -keshani)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
sikeshani
|
hatukeshani
|
| 2nd person
|
hukeshani
|
hamkeshani
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
hakeshani
|
hawakeshani
|
| other classes
|
negative subject concord + -keshani
|
|
| Positive future
|
positive subject concord + -takeshana
|
| Negative future
|
negative subject concord + -takeshana
|
|
| Positive subjunctive (positive subject concord + -keshane)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
nikeshane
|
tukeshane
|
| 2nd person
|
ukeshane
|
mkeshane
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
akeshane
|
wakeshane
|
| other classes
|
positive subject concord + -keshane
|
|
| Negative subjunctive
|
positive subject concord + -sikeshane
|
| Positive present conditional
|
positive subject concord + -ngekeshana
|
| Negative present conditional
|
positive subject concord + -singekeshana
|
| Positive past conditional
|
positive subject concord + -ngalikeshana
|
| Negative past conditional
|
positive subject concord + -singalikeshana
|
|
| Gnomic (positive subject concord + -akeshana)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
nakeshana
|
twakeshana
|
| 2nd person
|
wakeshana
|
mwakeshana
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
akeshana
|
wakeshana
|
| m-mi(III/IV)
|
wakeshana
|
yakeshana
|
| ji-ma(V/VI)
|
lakeshana
|
yakeshana
|
| ki-vi(VII/VIII)
|
chakeshana
|
vyakeshana
|
| n(IX/X)
|
yakeshana
|
zakeshana
|
| u(XI)
|
wakeshana
|
see n(X) or ma(VI) class
|
| ku(XV/XVII)
|
kwakeshana
|
|
| pa(XVI)
|
pakeshana
|
|
| mu(XVIII)
|
mwakeshana
|
|
|
| Perfect
|
positive subject concord + -mekeshana
|
| "Already"
|
positive subject concord + -meshakeshana
|
| "Not yet"
|
negative subject concord + -jakeshana
|
| "If/When"
|
positive subject concord + -kikeshana
|
| "If not"
|
positive subject concord + -sipokeshana
|
| Consecutive
|
kakeshana / positive subject concord + -kakeshana
|
| Consecutive subjunctive
|
positive subject concord + -kakeshane
|
| Object concord
|
—
|
|
| Relative forms
|
| General positive (positive subject concord + -keshana- + relative marker)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| m-wa(I/II)
|
-keshanaye
|
-keshanao
|
| m-mi(III/IV)
|
-keshanao
|
-keshanayo
|
| ji-ma(V/VI)
|
-keshanalo
|
-keshanayo
|
| ki-vi(VII/VIII)
|
-keshanacho
|
-keshanavyo
|
| n(IX/X)
|
-keshanayo
|
-keshanazo
|
| u(XI)
|
-keshanao
|
see n(X) or ma(VI) class
|
| ku(XV/XVII)
|
-keshanako
|
|
| pa(XVI)
|
-keshanapo
|
|
| mu(XVIII)
|
-keshanamo
|
|
|
| Other forms (subject concord + tense marker + relative marker + -keshana)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| m-wa(I/II)
|
-yekeshana
|
-okeshana
|
| m-mi(III/IV)
|
-okeshana
|
-yokeshana
|
| ji-ma(V/VI)
|
-lokeshana
|
-yokeshana
|
| ki-vi(VII/VIII)
|
-chokeshana
|
-vyokeshana
|
| n(IX/X)
|
-yokeshana
|
-zokeshana
|
| u(XI)
|
-okeshana
|
see n(X) or ma(VI) class
|
| ku(XV/XVII)
|
-kokeshana
|
|
| pa(XVI)
|
-pokeshana
|
|
| mu(XVIII)
|
-mokeshana
|
|
|
|
| Some forms not commonly seen in modern Standard Swahili are absent from the table. See Appendix:Swahili verbs for more information.
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