Swahili
Verb
-kosana (infinitive kukosana)
- Reciprocal form of -kosa
Conjugation
| Conjugation of -kosana
|
| Positive present
|
-nakosana
|
| Subjunctive
|
-kosane
|
| Negative
|
-kosani
|
| Imperative singular
|
kosana
|
|
| Infinitives
|
|
|
| Imperatives
|
| Singular
|
kosana
|
| Plural
|
kosaneni
|
|
| Tensed forms
|
| Habitual
|
hukosana
|
| Positive past
|
positive subject concord + -likosana
|
| Negative past
|
negative subject concord + -kukosana
|
|
| Positive present (positive subject concord + -nakosana)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
ninakosana/nakosana
|
tunakosana
|
| 2nd person
|
unakosana
|
mnakosana
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
anakosana
|
wanakosana
|
| other classes
|
positive subject concord + -nakosana
|
|
| Negative present (negative subject concord + -kosani)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
sikosani
|
hatukosani
|
| 2nd person
|
hukosani
|
hamkosani
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
hakosani
|
hawakosani
|
| other classes
|
negative subject concord + -kosani
|
|
| Positive future
|
positive subject concord + -takosana
|
| Negative future
|
negative subject concord + -takosana
|
|
| Positive subjunctive (positive subject concord + -kosane)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
nikosane
|
tukosane
|
| 2nd person
|
ukosane
|
mkosane
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
akosane
|
wakosane
|
| other classes
|
positive subject concord + -kosane
|
|
| Negative subjunctive
|
positive subject concord + -sikosane
|
| Positive present conditional
|
positive subject concord + -ngekosana
|
| Negative present conditional
|
positive subject concord + -singekosana
|
| Positive past conditional
|
positive subject concord + -ngalikosana
|
| Negative past conditional
|
positive subject concord + -singalikosana
|
|
| Gnomic (positive subject concord + -akosana)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
nakosana
|
twakosana
|
| 2nd person
|
wakosana
|
mwakosana
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
akosana
|
wakosana
|
| m-mi(III/IV)
|
wakosana
|
yakosana
|
| ji-ma(V/VI)
|
lakosana
|
yakosana
|
| ki-vi(VII/VIII)
|
chakosana
|
vyakosana
|
| n(IX/X)
|
yakosana
|
zakosana
|
| u(XI)
|
wakosana
|
see n(X) or ma(VI) class
|
| ku(XV/XVII)
|
kwakosana
|
|
| pa(XVI)
|
pakosana
|
|
| mu(XVIII)
|
mwakosana
|
|
|
| Perfect
|
positive subject concord + -mekosana
|
| "Already"
|
positive subject concord + -meshakosana
|
| "Not yet"
|
negative subject concord + -jakosana
|
| "If/When"
|
positive subject concord + -kikosana
|
| "If not"
|
positive subject concord + -sipokosana
|
| Consecutive
|
kakosana / positive subject concord + -kakosana
|
| Consecutive subjunctive
|
positive subject concord + -kakosane
|
| Object concord
|
—
|
|
| Relative forms
|
| General positive (positive subject concord + -kosana- + relative marker)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| m-wa(I/II)
|
-kosanaye
|
-kosanao
|
| m-mi(III/IV)
|
-kosanao
|
-kosanayo
|
| ji-ma(V/VI)
|
-kosanalo
|
-kosanayo
|
| ki-vi(VII/VIII)
|
-kosanacho
|
-kosanavyo
|
| n(IX/X)
|
-kosanayo
|
-kosanazo
|
| u(XI)
|
-kosanao
|
see n(X) or ma(VI) class
|
| ku(XV/XVII)
|
-kosanako
|
|
| pa(XVI)
|
-kosanapo
|
|
| mu(XVIII)
|
-kosanamo
|
|
|
| Other forms (subject concord + tense marker + relative marker + -kosana)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| m-wa(I/II)
|
-yekosana
|
-okosana
|
| m-mi(III/IV)
|
-okosana
|
-yokosana
|
| ji-ma(V/VI)
|
-lokosana
|
-yokosana
|
| ki-vi(VII/VIII)
|
-chokosana
|
-vyokosana
|
| n(IX/X)
|
-yokosana
|
-zokosana
|
| u(XI)
|
-okosana
|
see n(X) or ma(VI) class
|
| ku(XV/XVII)
|
-kokosana
|
|
| pa(XVI)
|
-pokosana
|
|
| mu(XVIII)
|
-mokosana
|
|
|
|
| Some forms not commonly seen in modern Standard Swahili are absent from the table. See Appendix:Swahili verbs for more information.
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