Swahili
Verb
-kumbana (infinitive kukumbana)
- Reciprocal form of -kumba: to tussle with
Conjugation
| Conjugation of -kumbana
|
| Positive present
|
-nakumbana
|
| Subjunctive
|
-kumbane
|
| Negative
|
-kumbani
|
| Imperative singular
|
kumbana
|
|
| Infinitives
|
|
|
| Imperatives
|
| Singular
|
kumbana
|
| Plural
|
kumbaneni
|
|
| Tensed forms
|
| Habitual
|
hukumbana
|
| Positive past
|
positive subject concord + -likumbana
|
| Negative past
|
negative subject concord + -kukumbana
|
|
| Positive present (positive subject concord + -nakumbana)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
ninakumbana/nakumbana
|
tunakumbana
|
| 2nd person
|
unakumbana
|
mnakumbana
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
anakumbana
|
wanakumbana
|
| other classes
|
positive subject concord + -nakumbana
|
|
| Negative present (negative subject concord + -kumbani)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
sikumbani
|
hatukumbani
|
| 2nd person
|
hukumbani
|
hamkumbani
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
hakumbani
|
hawakumbani
|
| other classes
|
negative subject concord + -kumbani
|
|
| Positive future
|
positive subject concord + -takumbana
|
| Negative future
|
negative subject concord + -takumbana
|
|
| Positive subjunctive (positive subject concord + -kumbane)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
nikumbane
|
tukumbane
|
| 2nd person
|
ukumbane
|
mkumbane
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
akumbane
|
wakumbane
|
| other classes
|
positive subject concord + -kumbane
|
|
| Negative subjunctive
|
positive subject concord + -sikumbane
|
| Positive present conditional
|
positive subject concord + -ngekumbana
|
| Negative present conditional
|
positive subject concord + -singekumbana
|
| Positive past conditional
|
positive subject concord + -ngalikumbana
|
| Negative past conditional
|
positive subject concord + -singalikumbana
|
|
| Gnomic (positive subject concord + -akumbana)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
nakumbana
|
twakumbana
|
| 2nd person
|
wakumbana
|
mwakumbana
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
akumbana
|
wakumbana
|
| m-mi(III/IV)
|
wakumbana
|
yakumbana
|
| ji-ma(V/VI)
|
lakumbana
|
yakumbana
|
| ki-vi(VII/VIII)
|
chakumbana
|
vyakumbana
|
| n(IX/X)
|
yakumbana
|
zakumbana
|
| u(XI)
|
wakumbana
|
see n(X) or ma(VI) class
|
| ku(XV/XVII)
|
kwakumbana
|
|
| pa(XVI)
|
pakumbana
|
|
| mu(XVIII)
|
mwakumbana
|
|
|
| Perfect
|
positive subject concord + -mekumbana
|
| "Already"
|
positive subject concord + -meshakumbana
|
| "Not yet"
|
negative subject concord + -jakumbana
|
| "If/When"
|
positive subject concord + -kikumbana
|
| "If not"
|
positive subject concord + -sipokumbana
|
| Consecutive
|
kakumbana / positive subject concord + -kakumbana
|
| Consecutive subjunctive
|
positive subject concord + -kakumbane
|
| Object concord
|
—
|
|
| Relative forms
|
| General positive (positive subject concord + -kumbana- + relative marker)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| m-wa(I/II)
|
-kumbanaye
|
-kumbanao
|
| m-mi(III/IV)
|
-kumbanao
|
-kumbanayo
|
| ji-ma(V/VI)
|
-kumbanalo
|
-kumbanayo
|
| ki-vi(VII/VIII)
|
-kumbanacho
|
-kumbanavyo
|
| n(IX/X)
|
-kumbanayo
|
-kumbanazo
|
| u(XI)
|
-kumbanao
|
see n(X) or ma(VI) class
|
| ku(XV/XVII)
|
-kumbanako
|
|
| pa(XVI)
|
-kumbanapo
|
|
| mu(XVIII)
|
-kumbanamo
|
|
|
| Other forms (subject concord + tense marker + relative marker + -kumbana)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| m-wa(I/II)
|
-yekumbana
|
-okumbana
|
| m-mi(III/IV)
|
-okumbana
|
-yokumbana
|
| ji-ma(V/VI)
|
-lokumbana
|
-yokumbana
|
| ki-vi(VII/VIII)
|
-chokumbana
|
-vyokumbana
|
| n(IX/X)
|
-yokumbana
|
-zokumbana
|
| u(XI)
|
-okumbana
|
see n(X) or ma(VI) class
|
| ku(XV/XVII)
|
-kokumbana
|
|
| pa(XVI)
|
-pokumbana
|
|
| mu(XVIII)
|
-mokumbana
|
|
|
|
| Some forms not commonly seen in modern Standard Swahili are absent from the table. See Appendix:Swahili verbs for more information.
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