Chichewa
Pronunciation
Verb
-kumbuka (infinitive kukúmbuka)
- remember, recall
Derived terms
- Verbal derivations:
- Applicative: -kumbukira
- Causative: -kumbutsa (“remind”)
Swahili
Pronunciation
| Audio (Democratic Republic of the Congo, non-native); “nakumbuka”: | | (file) |
Verb
-kumbuka (infinitive kukumbuka)
- to remember, recall
Conjugation
| Conjugation of -kumbuka
|
| Positive present
|
-nakumbuka
|
| Subjunctive
|
-kumbuke
|
| Negative
|
-kumbuki
|
| Imperative singular
|
kumbuka
|
|
| Infinitives
|
|
|
| Imperatives
|
| Singular
|
kumbuka
|
| Plural
|
kumbukeni
|
|
| Tensed forms
|
| Habitual
|
hukumbuka
|
| Positive past
|
positive subject concord + -likumbuka
|
| Negative past
|
negative subject concord + -kukumbuka
|
|
| Positive present (positive subject concord + -nakumbuka)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
ninakumbuka/nakumbuka
|
tunakumbuka
|
| 2nd person
|
unakumbuka
|
mnakumbuka
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
anakumbuka
|
wanakumbuka
|
| other classes
|
positive subject concord + -nakumbuka
|
|
| Negative present (negative subject concord + -kumbuki)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
sikumbuki
|
hatukumbuki
|
| 2nd person
|
hukumbuki
|
hamkumbuki
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
hakumbuki
|
hawakumbuki
|
| other classes
|
negative subject concord + -kumbuki
|
|
| Positive future
|
positive subject concord + -takumbuka
|
| Negative future
|
negative subject concord + -takumbuka
|
|
| Positive subjunctive (positive subject concord + -kumbuke)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
nikumbuke
|
tukumbuke
|
| 2nd person
|
ukumbuke
|
mkumbuke
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
akumbuke
|
wakumbuke
|
| other classes
|
positive subject concord + -kumbuke
|
|
| Negative subjunctive
|
positive subject concord + -sikumbuke
|
| Positive present conditional
|
positive subject concord + -ngekumbuka
|
| Negative present conditional
|
positive subject concord + -singekumbuka
|
| Positive past conditional
|
positive subject concord + -ngalikumbuka
|
| Negative past conditional
|
positive subject concord + -singalikumbuka
|
|
| Gnomic (positive subject concord + -akumbuka)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
nakumbuka
|
twakumbuka
|
| 2nd person
|
wakumbuka
|
mwakumbuka
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
akumbuka
|
wakumbuka
|
| m-mi(III/IV)
|
wakumbuka
|
yakumbuka
|
| ji-ma(V/VI)
|
lakumbuka
|
yakumbuka
|
| ki-vi(VII/VIII)
|
chakumbuka
|
vyakumbuka
|
| n(IX/X)
|
yakumbuka
|
zakumbuka
|
| u(XI)
|
wakumbuka
|
see n(X) or ma(VI) class
|
| ku(XV/XVII)
|
kwakumbuka
|
|
| pa(XVI)
|
pakumbuka
|
|
| mu(XVIII)
|
mwakumbuka
|
|
|
| Perfect
|
positive subject concord + -mekumbuka
|
| "Already"
|
positive subject concord + -meshakumbuka
|
| "Not yet"
|
negative subject concord + -jakumbuka
|
| "If/When"
|
positive subject concord + -kikumbuka
|
| "If not"
|
positive subject concord + -sipokumbuka
|
| Consecutive
|
kakumbuka / positive subject concord + -kakumbuka
|
| Consecutive subjunctive
|
positive subject concord + -kakumbuke
|
|
| Object concord (indicative positive)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
-nikumbuka
|
-tukumbuka
|
| 2nd person
|
-kukumbuka
|
-wakumbuka/-kukumbukeni/-wakumbukeni
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
-mkumbuka
|
-wakumbuka
|
| m-mi(III/IV)
|
-ukumbuka
|
-ikumbuka
|
| ji-ma(V/VI)
|
-likumbuka
|
-yakumbuka
|
| ki-vi(VII/VIII)
|
-kikumbuka
|
-vikumbuka
|
| n(IX/X)
|
-ikumbuka
|
-zikumbuka
|
| u(XI)
|
-ukumbuka
|
see n(X) or ma(VI) class
|
| ku(XV/XVII)
|
-kukumbuka
|
|
| pa(XVI)
|
-pakumbuka
|
|
| mu(XVIII)
|
-mukumbuka
|
|
| Reflexive
|
-jikumbuka
|
|
| Relative forms
|
| General positive (positive subject concord + (object concord) + -kumbuka- + relative marker)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| m-wa(I/II)
|
-kumbukaye
|
-kumbukao
|
| m-mi(III/IV)
|
-kumbukao
|
-kumbukayo
|
| ji-ma(V/VI)
|
-kumbukalo
|
-kumbukayo
|
| ki-vi(VII/VIII)
|
-kumbukacho
|
-kumbukavyo
|
| n(IX/X)
|
-kumbukayo
|
-kumbukazo
|
| u(XI)
|
-kumbukao
|
see n(X) or ma(VI) class
|
| ku(XV/XVII)
|
-kumbukako
|
|
| pa(XVI)
|
-kumbukapo
|
|
| mu(XVIII)
|
-kumbukamo
|
|
|
| Other forms (subject concord + tense marker + relative marker + (object concord) + -kumbuka)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| m-wa(I/II)
|
-yekumbuka
|
-okumbuka
|
| m-mi(III/IV)
|
-okumbuka
|
-yokumbuka
|
| ji-ma(V/VI)
|
-lokumbuka
|
-yokumbuka
|
| ki-vi(VII/VIII)
|
-chokumbuka
|
-vyokumbuka
|
| n(IX/X)
|
-yokumbuka
|
-zokumbuka
|
| u(XI)
|
-okumbuka
|
see n(X) or ma(VI) class
|
| ku(XV/XVII)
|
-kokumbuka
|
|
| pa(XVI)
|
-pokumbuka
|
|
| mu(XVIII)
|
-mokumbuka
|
|
|
|
| Some forms not commonly seen in modern Standard Swahili are absent from the table. See Appendix:Swahili verbs for more information.
|
Derived terms