Swahili
Pronunciation
Etymology 1
Borrowed from Arabic قَصَدَ (qaṣada, “to intend”).[1][2]
Verb
-kusudi (infinitive kukusudi)
- to intend
Conjugation
| Conjugation of -kusudi
|
| Positive present
|
-nakusudi
|
| Subjunctive
|
-kusudi
|
| Negative
|
-kusudi
|
| Imperative singular
|
kusudi
|
|
| Infinitives
|
|
|
| Imperatives
|
| Singular
|
kusudi
|
| Plural
|
kusudini
|
|
| Tensed forms
|
| Habitual
|
hukusudi
|
| Positive past
|
positive subject concord + -likusudi
|
| Negative past
|
negative subject concord + -kukusudi
|
|
| Positive present (positive subject concord + -nakusudi)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
ninakusudi/nakusudi
|
tunakusudi
|
| 2nd person
|
unakusudi
|
mnakusudi
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
anakusudi
|
wanakusudi
|
| other classes
|
positive subject concord + -nakusudi
|
|
| Negative present (negative subject concord + -kusudi)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
sikusudi
|
hatukusudi
|
| 2nd person
|
hukusudi
|
hamkusudi
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
hakusudi
|
hawakusudi
|
| other classes
|
negative subject concord + -kusudi
|
|
| Positive future
|
positive subject concord + -takusudi
|
| Negative future
|
negative subject concord + -takusudi
|
|
| Positive subjunctive (positive subject concord + -kusudi)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
nikusudi
|
tukusudi
|
| 2nd person
|
ukusudi
|
mkusudi
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
akusudi
|
wakusudi
|
| other classes
|
positive subject concord + -kusudi
|
|
| Negative subjunctive
|
positive subject concord + -sikusudi
|
| Positive present conditional
|
positive subject concord + -ngekusudi
|
| Negative present conditional
|
positive subject concord + -singekusudi
|
| Positive past conditional
|
positive subject concord + -ngalikusudi
|
| Negative past conditional
|
positive subject concord + -singalikusudi
|
|
| Gnomic (positive subject concord + -akusudi)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
nakusudi
|
twakusudi
|
| 2nd person
|
wakusudi
|
mwakusudi
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
akusudi
|
wakusudi
|
| m-mi(III/IV)
|
wakusudi
|
yakusudi
|
| ji-ma(V/VI)
|
lakusudi
|
yakusudi
|
| ki-vi(VII/VIII)
|
chakusudi
|
vyakusudi
|
| n(IX/X)
|
yakusudi
|
zakusudi
|
| u(XI)
|
wakusudi
|
see n(X) or ma(VI) class
|
| ku(XV/XVII)
|
kwakusudi
|
|
| pa(XVI)
|
pakusudi
|
|
| mu(XVIII)
|
mwakusudi
|
|
|
| Perfect
|
positive subject concord + -mekusudi
|
| "Already"
|
positive subject concord + -meshakusudi
|
| "Not yet"
|
negative subject concord + -jakusudi
|
| "If/When"
|
positive subject concord + -kikusudi
|
| "If not"
|
positive subject concord + -sipokusudi
|
| Consecutive
|
kakusudi / positive subject concord + -kakusudi
|
| Consecutive subjunctive
|
positive subject concord + -kakusudi
|
|
| Object concord (indicative positive)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
-nikusudi
|
-tukusudi
|
| 2nd person
|
-kukusudi
|
-wakusudi/-kukusudini/-wakusudini
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
-mkusudi
|
-wakusudi
|
| m-mi(III/IV)
|
-ukusudi
|
-ikusudi
|
| ji-ma(V/VI)
|
-likusudi
|
-yakusudi
|
| ki-vi(VII/VIII)
|
-kikusudi
|
-vikusudi
|
| n(IX/X)
|
-ikusudi
|
-zikusudi
|
| u(XI)
|
-ukusudi
|
see n(X) or ma(VI) class
|
| ku(XV/XVII)
|
-kukusudi
|
|
| pa(XVI)
|
-pakusudi
|
|
| mu(XVIII)
|
-mukusudi
|
|
| Reflexive
|
-jikusudi
|
|
| Relative forms
|
| General positive (positive subject concord + (object concord) + -kusudi- + relative marker)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| m-wa(I/II)
|
-kusudiye
|
-kusudio
|
| m-mi(III/IV)
|
-kusudio
|
-kusudiyo
|
| ji-ma(V/VI)
|
-kusudilo
|
-kusudiyo
|
| ki-vi(VII/VIII)
|
-kusudicho
|
-kusudivyo
|
| n(IX/X)
|
-kusudiyo
|
-kusudizo
|
| u(XI)
|
-kusudio
|
see n(X) or ma(VI) class
|
| ku(XV/XVII)
|
-kusudiko
|
|
| pa(XVI)
|
-kusudipo
|
|
| mu(XVIII)
|
-kusudimo
|
|
|
| Other forms (subject concord + tense marker + relative marker + (object concord) + -kusudi)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| m-wa(I/II)
|
-yekusudi
|
-okusudi
|
| m-mi(III/IV)
|
-okusudi
|
-yokusudi
|
| ji-ma(V/VI)
|
-lokusudi
|
-yokusudi
|
| ki-vi(VII/VIII)
|
-chokusudi
|
-vyokusudi
|
| n(IX/X)
|
-yokusudi
|
-zokusudi
|
| u(XI)
|
-okusudi
|
see n(X) or ma(VI) class
|
| ku(XV/XVII)
|
-kokusudi
|
|
| pa(XVI)
|
-pokusudi
|
|
| mu(XVIII)
|
-mokusudi
|
|
|
|
| Some forms not commonly seen in modern Standard Swahili are absent from the table. See Appendix:Swahili verbs for more information.
|
Derived terms
- Verbal derivations:
- Applicative: -kusudia
- Causative: -kusudisha
- Passive: -kusudiwa
- Reciprocal: -kusudiana
- Stative: -kusudika
Etymology 2
Borrowed from Arabic قَصْد (qaṣd).
Noun
kusudi class V (plural makusudi class VI)
- purpose, intention
Derived terms
References
- ^ Baldi, Sergio (30 November 2020) Dictionary of Arabic Loanwords in the Languages of Central and East Africa (Handbuch der Orientalistik; Erste Abteilung: Der Nahe und der Mittlere Osten; 145), Leiden • Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 248 Nr. 2295
- ^ Baldi, Sergio (2009) “Swahili”, in Versteegh, Kees, editor, Encyclopedia of Arabic Language and Linguistics, volume 4, Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 385 of 381-387