Swahili
Etymology
-kwaa (“to stumble”) + -ama.
Pronunciation
Verb
-kwama (infinitive kukwama)
- to be stranded
- to be stuck
- to be deadlocked
Conjugation
| Conjugation of -kwama
|
| Positive present
|
-nakwama
|
| Subjunctive
|
-kwame
|
| Negative
|
-kwami
|
| Imperative singular
|
kwama
|
|
| Infinitives
|
| Positive
|
kukwama
|
| Negative
|
kutokwama
|
|
| Imperatives
|
| Singular
|
kwama
|
| Plural
|
kwameni
|
|
| Tensed forms
|
| Habitual
|
hukwama
|
| Positive past
|
positive subject concord + -likwama
|
| Negative past
|
negative subject concord + -kukwama
|
|
| Positive present (positive subject concord + -nakwama)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
ninakwama/nakwama
|
tunakwama
|
| 2nd person
|
unakwama
|
mnakwama
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
anakwama
|
wanakwama
|
| other classes
|
positive subject concord + -nakwama
|
|
| Negative present (negative subject concord + -kwami)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
sikwami
|
hatukwami
|
| 2nd person
|
hukwami
|
hamkwami
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
hakwami
|
hawakwami
|
| other classes
|
negative subject concord + -kwami
|
|
| Positive future
|
positive subject concord + -takwama
|
| Negative future
|
negative subject concord + -takwama
|
|
| Positive subjunctive (positive subject concord + -kwame)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
nikwame
|
tukwame
|
| 2nd person
|
ukwame
|
mkwame
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
akwame
|
wakwame
|
| other classes
|
positive subject concord + -kwame
|
|
| Negative subjunctive
|
positive subject concord + -sikwame
|
| Positive present conditional
|
positive subject concord + -ngekwama
|
| Negative present conditional
|
positive subject concord + -singekwama
|
| Positive past conditional
|
positive subject concord + -ngalikwama
|
| Negative past conditional
|
positive subject concord + -singalikwama
|
|
| Gnomic (positive subject concord + -akwama)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
nakwama
|
twakwama
|
| 2nd person
|
wakwama
|
mwakwama
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
akwama
|
wakwama
|
| m-mi(III/IV)
|
wakwama
|
yakwama
|
| ji-ma(V/VI)
|
lakwama
|
yakwama
|
| ki-vi(VII/VIII)
|
chakwama
|
vyakwama
|
| n(IX/X)
|
yakwama
|
zakwama
|
| u(XI)
|
wakwama
|
see n(X) or ma(VI) class
|
| ku(XV/XVII)
|
kwakwama
|
|
| pa(XVI)
|
pakwama
|
|
| mu(XVIII)
|
mwakwama
|
|
|
| Perfect
|
positive subject concord + -mekwama
|
| "Already"
|
positive subject concord + -meshakwama
|
| "Not yet"
|
negative subject concord + -jakwama
|
| "If/When"
|
positive subject concord + -kikwama
|
| "If not"
|
positive subject concord + -sipokwama
|
| Consecutive
|
kakwama / positive subject concord + -kakwama
|
| Consecutive subjunctive
|
positive subject concord + -kakwame
|
| Object concord
|
—
|
|
| Relative forms
|
| General positive (positive subject concord + -kwama- + relative marker)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| m-wa(I/II)
|
-kwamaye
|
-kwamao
|
| m-mi(III/IV)
|
-kwamao
|
-kwamayo
|
| ji-ma(V/VI)
|
-kwamalo
|
-kwamayo
|
| ki-vi(VII/VIII)
|
-kwamacho
|
-kwamavyo
|
| n(IX/X)
|
-kwamayo
|
-kwamazo
|
| u(XI)
|
-kwamao
|
see n(X) or ma(VI) class
|
| ku(XV/XVII)
|
-kwamako
|
|
| pa(XVI)
|
-kwamapo
|
|
| mu(XVIII)
|
-kwamamo
|
|
|
| Other forms (subject concord + tense marker + relative marker + -kwama)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| m-wa(I/II)
|
-yekwama
|
-okwama
|
| m-mi(III/IV)
|
-okwama
|
-yokwama
|
| ji-ma(V/VI)
|
-lokwama
|
-yokwama
|
| ki-vi(VII/VIII)
|
-chokwama
|
-vyokwama
|
| n(IX/X)
|
-yokwama
|
-zokwama
|
| u(XI)
|
-okwama
|
see n(X) or ma(VI) class
|
| ku(XV/XVII)
|
-kokwama
|
|
| pa(XVI)
|
-pokwama
|
|
| mu(XVIII)
|
-mokwama
|
|
|
|
| Some forms not commonly seen in modern Standard Swahili are absent from the table. See Appendix:Swahili verbs for more information.
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