Swahili
Verb
-lumbana (infinitive kulumbana)
- Reciprocal form of -lumba: to argue with, contend, debate, wrangle
Conjugation
| Conjugation of -lumbana
|
| Positive present
|
-nalumbana
|
| Subjunctive
|
-lumbane
|
| Negative
|
-lumbani
|
| Imperative singular
|
lumbana
|
|
| Infinitives
|
|
|
| Imperatives
|
| Singular
|
lumbana
|
| Plural
|
lumbaneni
|
|
| Tensed forms
|
| Habitual
|
hulumbana
|
| Positive past
|
positive subject concord + -lilumbana
|
| Negative past
|
negative subject concord + -kulumbana
|
|
| Positive present (positive subject concord + -nalumbana)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
ninalumbana/nalumbana
|
tunalumbana
|
| 2nd person
|
unalumbana
|
mnalumbana
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
analumbana
|
wanalumbana
|
| other classes
|
positive subject concord + -nalumbana
|
|
| Negative present (negative subject concord + -lumbani)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
silumbani
|
hatulumbani
|
| 2nd person
|
hulumbani
|
hamlumbani
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
halumbani
|
hawalumbani
|
| other classes
|
negative subject concord + -lumbani
|
|
| Positive future
|
positive subject concord + -talumbana
|
| Negative future
|
negative subject concord + -talumbana
|
|
| Positive subjunctive (positive subject concord + -lumbane)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
nilumbane
|
tulumbane
|
| 2nd person
|
ulumbane
|
mlumbane
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
alumbane
|
walumbane
|
| other classes
|
positive subject concord + -lumbane
|
|
| Negative subjunctive
|
positive subject concord + -silumbane
|
| Positive present conditional
|
positive subject concord + -ngelumbana
|
| Negative present conditional
|
positive subject concord + -singelumbana
|
| Positive past conditional
|
positive subject concord + -ngalilumbana
|
| Negative past conditional
|
positive subject concord + -singalilumbana
|
|
| Gnomic (positive subject concord + -alumbana)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
nalumbana
|
twalumbana
|
| 2nd person
|
walumbana
|
mwalumbana
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
alumbana
|
walumbana
|
| m-mi(III/IV)
|
walumbana
|
yalumbana
|
| ji-ma(V/VI)
|
lalumbana
|
yalumbana
|
| ki-vi(VII/VIII)
|
chalumbana
|
vyalumbana
|
| n(IX/X)
|
yalumbana
|
zalumbana
|
| u(XI)
|
walumbana
|
see n(X) or ma(VI) class
|
| ku(XV/XVII)
|
kwalumbana
|
|
| pa(XVI)
|
palumbana
|
|
| mu(XVIII)
|
mwalumbana
|
|
|
| Perfect
|
positive subject concord + -melumbana
|
| "Already"
|
positive subject concord + -meshalumbana
|
| "Not yet"
|
negative subject concord + -jalumbana
|
| "If/When"
|
positive subject concord + -kilumbana
|
| "If not"
|
positive subject concord + -sipolumbana
|
| Consecutive
|
kalumbana / positive subject concord + -kalumbana
|
| Consecutive subjunctive
|
positive subject concord + -kalumbane
|
|
| Object concord (indicative positive)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
-nilumbana
|
-tulumbana
|
| 2nd person
|
-kulumbana
|
-walumbana/-kulumbaneni/-walumbaneni
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
-mlumbana
|
-walumbana
|
| m-mi(III/IV)
|
-ulumbana
|
-ilumbana
|
| ji-ma(V/VI)
|
-lilumbana
|
-yalumbana
|
| ki-vi(VII/VIII)
|
-kilumbana
|
-vilumbana
|
| n(IX/X)
|
-ilumbana
|
-zilumbana
|
| u(XI)
|
-ulumbana
|
see n(X) or ma(VI) class
|
| ku(XV/XVII)
|
-kulumbana
|
|
| pa(XVI)
|
-palumbana
|
|
| mu(XVIII)
|
-mulumbana
|
|
| Reflexive
|
-jilumbana
|
|
| Relative forms
|
| General positive (positive subject concord + (object concord) + -lumbana- + relative marker)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| m-wa(I/II)
|
-lumbanaye
|
-lumbanao
|
| m-mi(III/IV)
|
-lumbanao
|
-lumbanayo
|
| ji-ma(V/VI)
|
-lumbanalo
|
-lumbanayo
|
| ki-vi(VII/VIII)
|
-lumbanacho
|
-lumbanavyo
|
| n(IX/X)
|
-lumbanayo
|
-lumbanazo
|
| u(XI)
|
-lumbanao
|
see n(X) or ma(VI) class
|
| ku(XV/XVII)
|
-lumbanako
|
|
| pa(XVI)
|
-lumbanapo
|
|
| mu(XVIII)
|
-lumbanamo
|
|
|
| Other forms (subject concord + tense marker + relative marker + (object concord) + -lumbana)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| m-wa(I/II)
|
-yelumbana
|
-olumbana
|
| m-mi(III/IV)
|
-olumbana
|
-yolumbana
|
| ji-ma(V/VI)
|
-lolumbana
|
-yolumbana
|
| ki-vi(VII/VIII)
|
-cholumbana
|
-vyolumbana
|
| n(IX/X)
|
-yolumbana
|
-zolumbana
|
| u(XI)
|
-olumbana
|
see n(X) or ma(VI) class
|
| ku(XV/XVII)
|
-kolumbana
|
|
| pa(XVI)
|
-polumbana
|
|
| mu(XVIII)
|
-molumbana
|
|
|
|
| Some forms not commonly seen in modern Standard Swahili are absent from the table. See Appendix:Swahili verbs for more information.
|
Derived terms