Swahili
Etymology
From nadhifu (“tidy, neat, clean”) + -isha (causative affix).
Verb
-nadhifisha (infinitive kunadhifisha)
- Causative form of nadhifu: to clean, to tidy up
Conjugation
| Conjugation of -nadhifisha
|
| Positive present
|
-nanadhifisha
|
| Subjunctive
|
-nadhifishe
|
| Negative
|
-nadhifishi
|
| Imperative singular
|
nadhifisha
|
|
| Infinitives
|
|
|
| Imperatives
|
| Singular
|
nadhifisha
|
| Plural
|
nadhifisheni
|
|
| Tensed forms
|
| Habitual
|
hunadhifisha
|
| Positive past
|
positive subject concord + -linadhifisha
|
| Negative past
|
negative subject concord + -kunadhifisha
|
|
| Positive present (positive subject concord + -nanadhifisha)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
ninanadhifisha/nanadhifisha
|
tunanadhifisha
|
| 2nd person
|
unanadhifisha
|
mnanadhifisha
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
ananadhifisha
|
wananadhifisha
|
| other classes
|
positive subject concord + -nanadhifisha
|
|
| Negative present (negative subject concord + -nadhifishi)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
sinadhifishi
|
hatunadhifishi
|
| 2nd person
|
hunadhifishi
|
hamnadhifishi
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
hanadhifishi
|
hawanadhifishi
|
| other classes
|
negative subject concord + -nadhifishi
|
|
| Positive future
|
positive subject concord + -tanadhifisha
|
| Negative future
|
negative subject concord + -tanadhifisha
|
|
| Positive subjunctive (positive subject concord + -nadhifishe)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
ninadhifishe
|
tunadhifishe
|
| 2nd person
|
unadhifishe
|
mnadhifishe
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
anadhifishe
|
wanadhifishe
|
| other classes
|
positive subject concord + -nadhifishe
|
|
| Negative subjunctive
|
positive subject concord + -sinadhifishe
|
| Positive present conditional
|
positive subject concord + -ngenadhifisha
|
| Negative present conditional
|
positive subject concord + -singenadhifisha
|
| Positive past conditional
|
positive subject concord + -ngalinadhifisha
|
| Negative past conditional
|
positive subject concord + -singalinadhifisha
|
|
| Gnomic (positive subject concord + -anadhifisha)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
nanadhifisha
|
twanadhifisha
|
| 2nd person
|
wanadhifisha
|
mwanadhifisha
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
anadhifisha
|
wanadhifisha
|
| m-mi(III/IV)
|
wanadhifisha
|
yanadhifisha
|
| ji-ma(V/VI)
|
lanadhifisha
|
yanadhifisha
|
| ki-vi(VII/VIII)
|
chanadhifisha
|
vyanadhifisha
|
| n(IX/X)
|
yanadhifisha
|
zanadhifisha
|
| u(XI)
|
wanadhifisha
|
see n(X) or ma(VI) class
|
| ku(XV/XVII)
|
kwanadhifisha
|
|
| pa(XVI)
|
panadhifisha
|
|
| mu(XVIII)
|
mwanadhifisha
|
|
|
| Perfect
|
positive subject concord + -menadhifisha
|
| "Already"
|
positive subject concord + -meshanadhifisha
|
| "Not yet"
|
negative subject concord + -janadhifisha
|
| "If/When"
|
positive subject concord + -kinadhifisha
|
| "If not"
|
positive subject concord + -siponadhifisha
|
| Consecutive
|
kanadhifisha / positive subject concord + -kanadhifisha
|
| Consecutive subjunctive
|
positive subject concord + -kanadhifishe
|
|
| Object concord (indicative positive)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
-ninadhifisha
|
-tunadhifisha
|
| 2nd person
|
-kunadhifisha
|
-wanadhifisha/-kunadhifisheni/-wanadhifisheni
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
-mnadhifisha
|
-wanadhifisha
|
| m-mi(III/IV)
|
-unadhifisha
|
-inadhifisha
|
| ji-ma(V/VI)
|
-linadhifisha
|
-yanadhifisha
|
| ki-vi(VII/VIII)
|
-kinadhifisha
|
-vinadhifisha
|
| n(IX/X)
|
-inadhifisha
|
-zinadhifisha
|
| u(XI)
|
-unadhifisha
|
see n(X) or ma(VI) class
|
| ku(XV/XVII)
|
-kunadhifisha
|
|
| pa(XVI)
|
-panadhifisha
|
|
| mu(XVIII)
|
-munadhifisha
|
|
| Reflexive
|
-jinadhifisha
|
|
| Relative forms
|
| General positive (positive subject concord + (object concord) + -nadhifisha- + relative marker)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| m-wa(I/II)
|
-nadhifishaye
|
-nadhifishao
|
| m-mi(III/IV)
|
-nadhifishao
|
-nadhifishayo
|
| ji-ma(V/VI)
|
-nadhifishalo
|
-nadhifishayo
|
| ki-vi(VII/VIII)
|
-nadhifishacho
|
-nadhifishavyo
|
| n(IX/X)
|
-nadhifishayo
|
-nadhifishazo
|
| u(XI)
|
-nadhifishao
|
see n(X) or ma(VI) class
|
| ku(XV/XVII)
|
-nadhifishako
|
|
| pa(XVI)
|
-nadhifishapo
|
|
| mu(XVIII)
|
-nadhifishamo
|
|
|
| Other forms (subject concord + tense marker + relative marker + (object concord) + -nadhifisha)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| m-wa(I/II)
|
-yenadhifisha
|
-onadhifisha
|
| m-mi(III/IV)
|
-onadhifisha
|
-yonadhifisha
|
| ji-ma(V/VI)
|
-lonadhifisha
|
-yonadhifisha
|
| ki-vi(VII/VIII)
|
-chonadhifisha
|
-vyonadhifisha
|
| n(IX/X)
|
-yonadhifisha
|
-zonadhifisha
|
| u(XI)
|
-onadhifisha
|
see n(X) or ma(VI) class
|
| ku(XV/XVII)
|
-konadhifisha
|
|
| pa(XVI)
|
-ponadhifisha
|
|
| mu(XVIII)
|
-monadhifisha
|
|
|
|
| Some forms not commonly seen in modern Standard Swahili are absent from the table. See Appendix:Swahili verbs for more information.
|
Derived terms