Swahili
Etymology
From Arabic نَقْش (naqš).[1]
Pronunciation
Noun
nakshi class IX (plural nakshi class X)
- decoration, engraving
Verb
-nakshi (infinitive kunakshi)
- to decorate, engrave
Conjugation
| Conjugation of -nakshi
|
| Positive present
|
-nanakshi
|
| Subjunctive
|
-nakshi
|
| Negative
|
-nakshi
|
| Imperative singular
|
nakshi
|
|
| Infinitives
|
|
|
| Imperatives
|
| Singular
|
nakshi
|
| Plural
|
nakshini
|
|
| Tensed forms
|
| Habitual
|
hunakshi
|
| Positive past
|
positive subject concord + -linakshi
|
| Negative past
|
negative subject concord + -kunakshi
|
|
| Positive present (positive subject concord + -nanakshi)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
ninanakshi/nanakshi
|
tunanakshi
|
| 2nd person
|
unanakshi
|
mnanakshi
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
ananakshi
|
wananakshi
|
| other classes
|
positive subject concord + -nanakshi
|
|
| Negative present (negative subject concord + -nakshi)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
sinakshi
|
hatunakshi
|
| 2nd person
|
hunakshi
|
hamnakshi
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
hanakshi
|
hawanakshi
|
| other classes
|
negative subject concord + -nakshi
|
|
| Positive future
|
positive subject concord + -tanakshi
|
| Negative future
|
negative subject concord + -tanakshi
|
|
| Positive subjunctive (positive subject concord + -nakshi)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
ninakshi
|
tunakshi
|
| 2nd person
|
unakshi
|
mnakshi
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
anakshi
|
wanakshi
|
| other classes
|
positive subject concord + -nakshi
|
|
| Negative subjunctive
|
positive subject concord + -sinakshi
|
| Positive present conditional
|
positive subject concord + -ngenakshi
|
| Negative present conditional
|
positive subject concord + -singenakshi
|
| Positive past conditional
|
positive subject concord + -ngalinakshi
|
| Negative past conditional
|
positive subject concord + -singalinakshi
|
|
| Gnomic (positive subject concord + -anakshi)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
nanakshi
|
twanakshi
|
| 2nd person
|
wanakshi
|
mwanakshi
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
anakshi
|
wanakshi
|
| m-mi(III/IV)
|
wanakshi
|
yanakshi
|
| ji-ma(V/VI)
|
lanakshi
|
yanakshi
|
| ki-vi(VII/VIII)
|
chanakshi
|
vyanakshi
|
| n(IX/X)
|
yanakshi
|
zanakshi
|
| u(XI)
|
wanakshi
|
see n(X) or ma(VI) class
|
| ku(XV/XVII)
|
kwanakshi
|
|
| pa(XVI)
|
panakshi
|
|
| mu(XVIII)
|
mwanakshi
|
|
|
| Perfect
|
positive subject concord + -menakshi
|
| "Already"
|
positive subject concord + -meshanakshi
|
| "Not yet"
|
negative subject concord + -janakshi
|
| "If/When"
|
positive subject concord + -kinakshi
|
| "If not"
|
positive subject concord + -siponakshi
|
| Consecutive
|
kanakshi / positive subject concord + -kanakshi
|
| Consecutive subjunctive
|
positive subject concord + -kanakshi
|
|
| Object concord (indicative positive)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
-ninakshi
|
-tunakshi
|
| 2nd person
|
-kunakshi
|
-wanakshi/-kunakshini/-wanakshini
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
-mnakshi
|
-wanakshi
|
| m-mi(III/IV)
|
-unakshi
|
-inakshi
|
| ji-ma(V/VI)
|
-linakshi
|
-yanakshi
|
| ki-vi(VII/VIII)
|
-kinakshi
|
-vinakshi
|
| n(IX/X)
|
-inakshi
|
-zinakshi
|
| u(XI)
|
-unakshi
|
see n(X) or ma(VI) class
|
| ku(XV/XVII)
|
-kunakshi
|
|
| pa(XVI)
|
-panakshi
|
|
| mu(XVIII)
|
-munakshi
|
|
| Reflexive
|
-jinakshi
|
|
| Relative forms
|
| General positive (positive subject concord + (object concord) + -nakshi- + relative marker)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| m-wa(I/II)
|
-nakshiye
|
-nakshio
|
| m-mi(III/IV)
|
-nakshio
|
-nakshiyo
|
| ji-ma(V/VI)
|
-nakshilo
|
-nakshiyo
|
| ki-vi(VII/VIII)
|
-nakshicho
|
-nakshivyo
|
| n(IX/X)
|
-nakshiyo
|
-nakshizo
|
| u(XI)
|
-nakshio
|
see n(X) or ma(VI) class
|
| ku(XV/XVII)
|
-nakshiko
|
|
| pa(XVI)
|
-nakshipo
|
|
| mu(XVIII)
|
-nakshimo
|
|
|
| Other forms (subject concord + tense marker + relative marker + (object concord) + -nakshi)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| m-wa(I/II)
|
-yenakshi
|
-onakshi
|
| m-mi(III/IV)
|
-onakshi
|
-yonakshi
|
| ji-ma(V/VI)
|
-lonakshi
|
-yonakshi
|
| ki-vi(VII/VIII)
|
-chonakshi
|
-vyonakshi
|
| n(IX/X)
|
-yonakshi
|
-zonakshi
|
| u(XI)
|
-onakshi
|
see n(X) or ma(VI) class
|
| ku(XV/XVII)
|
-konakshi
|
|
| pa(XVI)
|
-ponakshi
|
|
| mu(XVIII)
|
-monakshi
|
|
|
|
| Some forms not commonly seen in modern Standard Swahili are absent from the table. See Appendix:Swahili verbs for more information.
|
Derived terms
References
- ^ Baldi, Sergio (30 November 2020) Dictionary of Arabic Loanwords in the Languages of Central and East Africa (Handbuch der Orientalistik; Erste Abteilung: Der Nahe und der Mittlere Osten; 145), Leiden • Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 293 Nr. 2783