Swahili
Etymology
(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium. Particularly: “related to pana”)
Pronunciation
Verb
-panua (infinitive kupanua)
- to widen, broaden
Conjugation
| Conjugation of -panua
|
| Positive present
|
-napanua
|
| Subjunctive
|
-panue
|
| Negative
|
-panui
|
| Imperative singular
|
panua
|
|
| Infinitives
|
| Positive
|
kupanua
|
| Negative
|
kutopanua
|
|
| Imperatives
|
| Singular
|
panua
|
| Plural
|
panueni
|
|
| Tensed forms
|
| Habitual
|
hupanua
|
| Positive past
|
positive subject concord + -lipanua
|
| Negative past
|
negative subject concord + -kupanua
|
|
| Positive present (positive subject concord + -napanua)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
ninapanua/napanua
|
tunapanua
|
| 2nd person
|
unapanua
|
mnapanua
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
anapanua
|
wanapanua
|
| other classes
|
positive subject concord + -napanua
|
|
| Negative present (negative subject concord + -panui)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
sipanui
|
hatupanui
|
| 2nd person
|
hupanui
|
hampanui
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
hapanui
|
hawapanui
|
| other classes
|
negative subject concord + -panui
|
|
| Positive future
|
positive subject concord + -tapanua
|
| Negative future
|
negative subject concord + -tapanua
|
|
| Positive subjunctive (positive subject concord + -panue)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
nipanue
|
tupanue
|
| 2nd person
|
upanue
|
mpanue
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
apanue
|
wapanue
|
| other classes
|
positive subject concord + -panue
|
|
| Negative subjunctive
|
positive subject concord + -sipanue
|
| Positive present conditional
|
positive subject concord + -ngepanua
|
| Negative present conditional
|
positive subject concord + -singepanua
|
| Positive past conditional
|
positive subject concord + -ngalipanua
|
| Negative past conditional
|
positive subject concord + -singalipanua
|
|
| Gnomic (positive subject concord + -apanua)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
napanua
|
twapanua
|
| 2nd person
|
wapanua
|
mwapanua
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
apanua
|
wapanua
|
| m-mi(III/IV)
|
wapanua
|
yapanua
|
| ji-ma(V/VI)
|
lapanua
|
yapanua
|
| ki-vi(VII/VIII)
|
chapanua
|
vyapanua
|
| n(IX/X)
|
yapanua
|
zapanua
|
| u(XI)
|
wapanua
|
see n(X) or ma(VI) class
|
| ku(XV/XVII)
|
kwapanua
|
|
| pa(XVI)
|
papanua
|
|
| mu(XVIII)
|
mwapanua
|
|
|
| Perfect
|
positive subject concord + -mepanua
|
| "Already"
|
positive subject concord + -meshapanua
|
| "Not yet"
|
negative subject concord + -japanua
|
| "If/When"
|
positive subject concord + -kipanua
|
| "If not"
|
positive subject concord + -sipopanua
|
| Consecutive
|
kapanua / positive subject concord + -kapanua
|
| Consecutive subjunctive
|
positive subject concord + -kapanue
|
|
| Object concord (indicative positive)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
-nipanua
|
-tupanua
|
| 2nd person
|
-kupanua
|
-wapanua/-kupanueni/-wapanueni
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
-mpanua
|
-wapanua
|
| m-mi(III/IV)
|
-upanua
|
-ipanua
|
| ji-ma(V/VI)
|
-lipanua
|
-yapanua
|
| ki-vi(VII/VIII)
|
-kipanua
|
-vipanua
|
| n(IX/X)
|
-ipanua
|
-zipanua
|
| u(XI)
|
-upanua
|
see n(X) or ma(VI) class
|
| ku(XV/XVII)
|
-kupanua
|
|
| pa(XVI)
|
-papanua
|
|
| mu(XVIII)
|
-mupanua
|
|
| Reflexive
|
-jipanua
|
|
| Relative forms
|
| General positive (positive subject concord + (object concord) + -panua- + relative marker)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| m-wa(I/II)
|
-panuaye
|
-panuao
|
| m-mi(III/IV)
|
-panuao
|
-panuayo
|
| ji-ma(V/VI)
|
-panualo
|
-panuayo
|
| ki-vi(VII/VIII)
|
-panuacho
|
-panuavyo
|
| n(IX/X)
|
-panuayo
|
-panuazo
|
| u(XI)
|
-panuao
|
see n(X) or ma(VI) class
|
| ku(XV/XVII)
|
-panuako
|
|
| pa(XVI)
|
-panuapo
|
|
| mu(XVIII)
|
-panuamo
|
|
|
| Other forms (subject concord + tense marker + relative marker + (object concord) + -panua)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| m-wa(I/II)
|
-yepanua
|
-opanua
|
| m-mi(III/IV)
|
-opanua
|
-yopanua
|
| ji-ma(V/VI)
|
-lopanua
|
-yopanua
|
| ki-vi(VII/VIII)
|
-chopanua
|
-vyopanua
|
| n(IX/X)
|
-yopanua
|
-zopanua
|
| u(XI)
|
-opanua
|
see n(X) or ma(VI) class
|
| ku(XV/XVII)
|
-kopanua
|
|
| pa(XVI)
|
-popanua
|
|
| mu(XVIII)
|
-mopanua
|
|
|
|
| Some forms not commonly seen in modern Standard Swahili are absent from the table. See Appendix:Swahili verbs for more information.
|
Derived terms