penar

See also: peñar

Catalan

Etymology

From pena +‎ -ar.

Verb

penar (first-person singular present peno, first-person singular preterite pení, past participle penat); root stress: (Central) /ɛ/; (Balearic, Valencia) /e/

  1. to punish
    Synonyms: penalitzar, castigar

Conjugation

    Conjugation of penar (first conjugation)
infinitive penar
gerund penant
past participle masculine feminine
singular penat penada
plural penats penades
person singular plural
first second third first second third
indicative jo tu ell/ella
vostè 		nosaltres
nós 		vosaltres
vós 		ells/elles
vostès
present peno penes pena penem peneu penen
imperfect penava penaves penava penàvem penàveu penaven
future penaré penaràs penarà penarem penareu penaran
preterite pení penares penà penàrem penàreu penaren
conditional penaria penaries penaria penaríem penaríeu penarien
subjunctive jo tu ell/ella
vostè 		nosaltres
nós 		vosaltres
vós 		ells/elles
vostès
present peni penis peni penem peneu penin
imperfect penés penessis penés penéssim penéssiu penessin
imperative — tu vostè nosaltres vosaltres
vós 		vostès
affirmative — pena peni penem peneu penin
negative (no) — no penis no peni no penem no peneu no penin

Derived terms

Portuguese

Etymology

Inherited from Old Galician-Portuguese penar. By surface analysis, pena +‎ -ar.

Pronunciation

 
  • (Brazil) IPA(key): /peˈna(ʁ)/ [peˈna(h)]
    • (São Paulo) IPA(key): /peˈna(ɾ)/
    • (Rio de Janeiro) IPA(key): /peˈna(ʁ)/ [peˈna(χ)]
    • (Southern Brazil) IPA(key): /peˈna(ɻ)/
 
  • (Portugal) IPA(key): /pɨˈnaɾ/
    • (Southern Portugal) IPA(key): /pɨˈna.ɾi/

  • Hyphenation: pe‧nar

Verb

penar (first-person singular present peno, first-person singular preterite penei, past participle penado)

  1. (intransitive) to be in pain
  2. (intransitive) to suffer
  3. (transitive) to cause pain to; make suffer
  4. (transitive) to suffer the consequences of
  5. (reflexive) to grieve

Conjugation

    Conjugation of penar (See Appendix:Portuguese verbs)
Singular Plural
First-person
(eu) 		Second-person
(tu) 		Third-person
(ele / ela / você) 		First-person
(nós) 		Second-person
(vós) 		Third-person
(eles / elas / vocês)
Infinitive
Impersonal penar
Personal penar penares penar penarmos penardes penarem
Gerund
penando
Past participle
Masculine penado penados
Feminine penada penadas
Indicative
Present peno penas pena penamos penais penam
Imperfect penava penavas penava penávamos penáveis penavam
Preterite penei penaste penou penamos1, penámos2 penastes penaram
Pluperfect penara penaras penara penáramos penáreis penaram
Future penarei penarás penará penaremos penareis penarão
Conditional penaria penarias penaria penaríamos penaríeis penariam
Subjunctive
Present pene penes pene penemos peneis penem
Imperfect penasse penasses penasse penássemos penásseis penassem
Future penar penares penar penarmos penardes penarem
Imperative
Affirmative pena pene penemos penai penem
Negative (não) não penes não pene não penemos não peneis não penem

1Brazilian Portuguese.
2European Portuguese.

    Conjugation of penar-se (See Appendix:Portuguese verbs)
Singular Plural
First-person
(eu) 		Second-person
(tu) 		Third-person
(ele / ela / você) 		First-person
(nós) 		Second-person
(vós) 		Third-person
(eles / elas / vocês)
Infinitive
Impersonal penar-se
Personal penar-me penares-te penar-se penarmo-nos penardes-vos penarem-se
Gerund
penando-se
Past participle
Masculine penado penados
Feminine penada penadas
Indicative
Present peno-me penas-te pena-se penamo-nos penais-vos penam-se
Imperfect penava-me penavas-te penava-se penávamo-nos penáveis-vos penavam-se
Preterite penei-me penaste-te penou-se penamo-nos1, penámo-nos2 penastes-vos penaram-se
Pluperfect penara-me penaras-te penara-se penáramo-nos penáreis-vos penaram-se
Future penar-me-ei penar-te-ás penar-se-á penar-nos-emos penar-vos-eis penar-se-ão
Conditional penar-me-ia penar-te-ias penar-se-ia penar-nos-íamos penar-vos-íeis penar-se-iam
Subjunctive
Present me pene te penes se pene nos penemos vos peneis se penem
Imperfect me penasse te penasses se penasse nos penássemos vos penásseis se penassem
Future me penar te penares se penar nos penarmos vos penardes se penarem
Imperative
Affirmative pena-te pene-se penemo-nos penai-vos penem-se
Negative (não) não te penes não se pene não nos penemos não vos peneis não se penem

1Brazilian Portuguese.
2European Portuguese.

Noun

penar m (plural penares)

  1. suffering; bitterness; hurt

Usage notes

The noun is a deverbal of the verb inherited from Old Galician-Portuguese since there are no samples of use as a noun in the ancestral language.

Further reading

Romanian

Alternative forms

Etymology

From earlier form penal, from German Pennal, from Medieval Latin pennale, from penna (“feather”). It originally referred to a case to hold quills.

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): [peˈnar]

Noun

penar n (plural penare)

  1. pencil case
    Synonym: plumieră

Declension

Declension of penar
singular plural
indefinite definite indefinite definite
nominative-accusative penar penarul penare penarele
genitive-dative penar penarului penare penarelor
vocative penarule penarelor

Spanish

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /peˈnaɾ/ [peˈnaɾ]
  • Rhymes: -aɾ
  • Syllabification: pe‧nar

Verb

penar (first-person singular present peno, first-person singular preterite pené, past participle penado)

  1. (transitive) to punish
    Synonym: castigar
  2. (intransitive) to suffer
    Synonym: sufrir
    • 1915, Julio Vicuña Cifuentes, Mitos y Supersticiones Recogidos de la Tradición Oral Chilena, page 194:
      Las ánimas de los criminales condenados a muerte por la justicia, penan en los sitios donde cometieron sus delitos y alrededor del patíbulo en que los expiaron.
      (please add an English translation of this quotation)

Conjugation

    Conjugation of penar (See Appendix:Spanish verbs)
infinitive penar
gerund penando
past participle masculine feminine
singular penado penada
plural penados penadas
singular plural
1st person 2nd person 3rd person 1st person 2nd person 3rd person
indicative yo tú
vos 		él/ella/ello
usted 		nosotros
nosotras 		vosotros
vosotras 		ellos/ellas
ustedes
present peno penastú
penásvos 		pena penamos penáis penan
imperfect penaba penabas penaba penábamos penabais penaban
preterite pené penaste penó penamos penasteis penaron
future penaré penarás penará penaremos penaréis penarán
conditional penaría penarías penaría penaríamos penaríais penarían
subjunctive yo tú
vos 		él/ella/ello
usted 		nosotros
nosotras 		vosotros
vosotras 		ellos/ellas
ustedes
present pene penestú
penésvos2 		pene penemos penéis penen
imperfect
(ra) 		penara penaras penara penáramos penarais penaran
imperfect
(se) 		penase penases penase penásemos penaseis penasen
future1 penare penares penare penáremos penareis penaren
imperative — tú
vos 		usted nosotros
nosotras 		vosotros
vosotras 		ustedes
affirmative penatú
penávos 		pene penemos penad penen
negative no penes no pene no penemos no penéis no penen

1Mostly obsolete, now mainly used in legal language.
2Argentine and Uruguayan voseo prefers the tú form for the present subjunctive.

    Selected combined forms of penar

These forms are generated automatically and may not actually be used. Pronoun usage varies by region.

singular plural
1st person 2nd person 3rd person 1st person 2nd person 3rd person
with infinitive penar dative penarme penarte penarle, penarse penarnos penaros penarles, penarse
accusative penarme penarte penarlo, penarla, penarse penarnos penaros penarlos, penarlas, penarse
with gerund penando dative penándome penándote penándole, penándose penándonos penándoos penándoles, penándose
accusative penándome penándote penándolo, penándola, penándose penándonos penándoos penándolos, penándolas, penándose
with informal second-person singular tú imperative pena dative péname pénate pénale pénanos not used pénales
accusative péname pénate pénalo, pénala pénanos not used pénalos, pénalas
with informal second-person singular vos imperative pená dative pename penate penale penanos not used penales
accusative pename penate penalo, penala penanos not used penalos, penalas
with formal second-person singular imperative pene dative péneme not used pénele, pénese pénenos not used péneles
accusative péneme not used pénelo, pénela, pénese pénenos not used pénelos, pénelas
with first-person plural imperative penemos dative not used penémoste penémosle penémonos penémoos penémosles
accusative not used penémoste penémoslo, penémosla penémonos penémoos penémoslos, penémoslas
with informal second-person plural imperative penad dative penadme not used penadle penadnos penaos penadles
accusative penadme not used penadlo, penadla penadnos penaos penadlos, penadlas
with formal second-person plural imperative penen dative pénenme not used pénenle pénennos not used pénenles, pénense
accusative pénenme not used pénenlo, pénenla pénennos not used pénenlos, pénenlas, pénense

Further reading

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