Swahili
Pronunciation
Verb
-pigiana (infinitive kupigiana)
- Reciprocal form of -pigia: to hit for each other, to play for each other
- Used as a dummy verb to make a reciprocal verbal phrase from a noun.
- simu (“phone”) → -pigiana simu ("call each other")
Conjugation
| Conjugation of -pigiana
|
| Positive present
|
-napigiana
|
| Subjunctive
|
-pigiane
|
| Negative
|
-pigiani
|
| Imperative singular
|
pigiana
|
|
| Infinitives
|
|
|
| Imperatives
|
| Singular
|
pigiana
|
| Plural
|
pigianeni
|
|
| Tensed forms
|
| Habitual
|
hupigiana
|
| Positive past
|
positive subject concord + -lipigiana
|
| Negative past
|
negative subject concord + -kupigiana
|
|
| Positive present (positive subject concord + -napigiana)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
ninapigiana/napigiana
|
tunapigiana
|
| 2nd person
|
unapigiana
|
mnapigiana
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
anapigiana
|
wanapigiana
|
| other classes
|
positive subject concord + -napigiana
|
|
| Negative present (negative subject concord + -pigiani)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
sipigiani
|
hatupigiani
|
| 2nd person
|
hupigiani
|
hampigiani
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
hapigiani
|
hawapigiani
|
| other classes
|
negative subject concord + -pigiani
|
|
| Positive future
|
positive subject concord + -tapigiana
|
| Negative future
|
negative subject concord + -tapigiana
|
|
| Positive subjunctive (positive subject concord + -pigiane)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
nipigiane
|
tupigiane
|
| 2nd person
|
upigiane
|
mpigiane
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
apigiane
|
wapigiane
|
| other classes
|
positive subject concord + -pigiane
|
|
| Negative subjunctive
|
positive subject concord + -sipigiane
|
| Positive present conditional
|
positive subject concord + -ngepigiana
|
| Negative present conditional
|
positive subject concord + -singepigiana
|
| Positive past conditional
|
positive subject concord + -ngalipigiana
|
| Negative past conditional
|
positive subject concord + -singalipigiana
|
|
| Gnomic (positive subject concord + -apigiana)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
napigiana
|
twapigiana
|
| 2nd person
|
wapigiana
|
mwapigiana
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
apigiana
|
wapigiana
|
| m-mi(III/IV)
|
wapigiana
|
yapigiana
|
| ji-ma(V/VI)
|
lapigiana
|
yapigiana
|
| ki-vi(VII/VIII)
|
chapigiana
|
vyapigiana
|
| n(IX/X)
|
yapigiana
|
zapigiana
|
| u(XI)
|
wapigiana
|
see n(X) or ma(VI) class
|
| ku(XV/XVII)
|
kwapigiana
|
|
| pa(XVI)
|
papigiana
|
|
| mu(XVIII)
|
mwapigiana
|
|
|
| Perfect
|
positive subject concord + -mepigiana
|
| "Already"
|
positive subject concord + -meshapigiana
|
| "Not yet"
|
negative subject concord + -japigiana
|
| "If/When"
|
positive subject concord + -kipigiana
|
| "If not"
|
positive subject concord + -sipopigiana
|
| Consecutive
|
kapigiana / positive subject concord + -kapigiana
|
| Consecutive subjunctive
|
positive subject concord + -kapigiane
|
| Object concord
|
—
|
|
| Relative forms
|
| General positive (positive subject concord + -pigiana- + relative marker)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| m-wa(I/II)
|
-pigianaye
|
-pigianao
|
| m-mi(III/IV)
|
-pigianao
|
-pigianayo
|
| ji-ma(V/VI)
|
-pigianalo
|
-pigianayo
|
| ki-vi(VII/VIII)
|
-pigianacho
|
-pigianavyo
|
| n(IX/X)
|
-pigianayo
|
-pigianazo
|
| u(XI)
|
-pigianao
|
see n(X) or ma(VI) class
|
| ku(XV/XVII)
|
-pigianako
|
|
| pa(XVI)
|
-pigianapo
|
|
| mu(XVIII)
|
-pigianamo
|
|
|
| Other forms (subject concord + tense marker + relative marker + -pigiana)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| m-wa(I/II)
|
-yepigiana
|
-opigiana
|
| m-mi(III/IV)
|
-opigiana
|
-yopigiana
|
| ji-ma(V/VI)
|
-lopigiana
|
-yopigiana
|
| ki-vi(VII/VIII)
|
-chopigiana
|
-vyopigiana
|
| n(IX/X)
|
-yopigiana
|
-zopigiana
|
| u(XI)
|
-opigiana
|
see n(X) or ma(VI) class
|
| ku(XV/XVII)
|
-kopigiana
|
|
| pa(XVI)
|
-popigiana
|
|
| mu(XVIII)
|
-mopigiana
|
|
|
|
| Some forms not commonly seen in modern Standard Swahili are absent from the table. See Appendix:Swahili verbs for more information.
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