pindua

Swahili

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Bantu [Term?]. Conversive form of -pinda.

Pronunciation

  • Audio (Kenya):(file)

Verb

-pindua (infinitive kupindua)

  1. to turn upside-down, invert
  2. to overthrow

Conjugation

Conjugation of -pindua
Positive present -napindua
Subjunctive -pindue
Negative -pindui
Imperative singular pindua
Infinitives
Positive kupindua
Negative kutopindua
Imperatives
Singular pindua
Plural pindueni
Tensed forms
Habitual hupindua
Positive past positive subject concord + -lipindua
Negative past negative subject concord + -kupindua
Positive present (positive subject concord + -napindua)
Singular Plural
1st person ninapindua/napindua tunapindua
2nd person unapindua mnapindua
3rd person m-wa(I/II) anapindua wanapindua
other classes positive subject concord + -napindua
Negative present (negative subject concord + -pindui)
Singular Plural
1st person sipindui hatupindui
2nd person hupindui hampindui
3rd person m-wa(I/II) hapindui hawapindui
other classes negative subject concord + -pindui
Positive future positive subject concord + -tapindua
Negative future negative subject concord + -tapindua
Positive subjunctive (positive subject concord + -pindue)
Singular Plural
1st person nipindue tupindue
2nd person upindue mpindue
3rd person m-wa(I/II) apindue wapindue
other classes positive subject concord + -pindue
Negative subjunctive positive subject concord + -sipindue
Positive present conditional positive subject concord + -ngepindua
Negative present conditional positive subject concord + -singepindua
Positive past conditional positive subject concord + -ngalipindua
Negative past conditional positive subject concord + -singalipindua
Gnomic (positive subject concord + -apindua)
Singular Plural
1st person napindua twapindua
2nd person wapindua mwapindua
3rd person m-wa(I/II) apindua wapindua
m-mi(III/IV) wapindua yapindua
ji-ma(V/VI) lapindua yapindua
ki-vi(VII/VIII) chapindua vyapindua
n(IX/X) yapindua zapindua
u(XI) wapindua see n(X) or ma(VI) class
ku(XV/XVII) kwapindua
pa(XVI) papindua
mu(XVIII) mwapindua
Perfect positive subject concord + -mepindua
"Already" positive subject concord + -meshapindua
"Not yet" negative subject concord + -japindua
"If/When" positive subject concord + -kipindua
"If not" positive subject concord + -sipopindua
Consecutive kapindua / positive subject concord + -kapindua
Consecutive subjunctive positive subject concord + -kapindue
Object concord (indicative positive)
Singular Plural
1st person -nipindua -tupindua
2nd person -kupindua -wapindua/-kupindueni/-wapindueni
3rd person m-wa(I/II) -mpindua -wapindua
m-mi(III/IV) -upindua -ipindua
ji-ma(V/VI) -lipindua -yapindua
ki-vi(VII/VIII) -kipindua -vipindua
n(IX/X) -ipindua -zipindua
u(XI) -upindua see n(X) or ma(VI) class
ku(XV/XVII) -kupindua
pa(XVI) -papindua
mu(XVIII) -mupindua
Reflexive -jipindua
Relative forms
General positive (positive subject concord + (object concord) + -pindua- + relative marker)
Singular Plural
m-wa(I/II) -pinduaye -pinduao
m-mi(III/IV) -pinduao -pinduayo
ji-ma(V/VI) -pindualo -pinduayo
ki-vi(VII/VIII) -pinduacho -pinduavyo
n(IX/X) -pinduayo -pinduazo
u(XI) -pinduao see n(X) or ma(VI) class
ku(XV/XVII) -pinduako
pa(XVI) -pinduapo
mu(XVIII) -pinduamo
Other forms (subject concord + tense marker + relative marker + (object concord) + -pindua)
Singular Plural
m-wa(I/II) -yepindua -opindua
m-mi(III/IV) -opindua -yopindua
ji-ma(V/VI) -lopindua -yopindua
ki-vi(VII/VIII) -chopindua -vyopindua
n(IX/X) -yopindua -zopindua
u(XI) -opindua see n(X) or ma(VI) class
ku(XV/XVII) -kopindua
pa(XVI) -popindua
mu(XVIII) -mopindua
Some forms not commonly seen in modern Standard Swahili are absent from the table. See Appendix:Swahili verbs for more information.

Derived terms

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