Swahili
Etymology
From -puma.
Pronunciation
Verb
-pumua (infinitive kupumua)
- to breathe
- to rest
Conjugation
| Conjugation of -pumua
|
| Positive present
|
-napumua
|
| Subjunctive
|
-pumue
|
| Negative
|
-pumui
|
| Imperative singular
|
pumua
|
|
| Infinitives
|
| Positive
|
kupumua
|
| Negative
|
kutopumua
|
|
| Imperatives
|
| Singular
|
pumua
|
| Plural
|
pumueni
|
|
| Tensed forms
|
| Habitual
|
hupumua
|
| Positive past
|
positive subject concord + -lipumua
|
| Negative past
|
negative subject concord + -kupumua
|
|
| Positive present (positive subject concord + -napumua)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
ninapumua/napumua
|
tunapumua
|
| 2nd person
|
unapumua
|
mnapumua
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
anapumua
|
wanapumua
|
| other classes
|
positive subject concord + -napumua
|
|
| Negative present (negative subject concord + -pumui)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
sipumui
|
hatupumui
|
| 2nd person
|
hupumui
|
hampumui
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
hapumui
|
hawapumui
|
| other classes
|
negative subject concord + -pumui
|
|
| Positive future
|
positive subject concord + -tapumua
|
| Negative future
|
negative subject concord + -tapumua
|
|
| Positive subjunctive (positive subject concord + -pumue)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
nipumue
|
tupumue
|
| 2nd person
|
upumue
|
mpumue
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
apumue
|
wapumue
|
| other classes
|
positive subject concord + -pumue
|
|
| Negative subjunctive
|
positive subject concord + -sipumue
|
| Positive present conditional
|
positive subject concord + -ngepumua
|
| Negative present conditional
|
positive subject concord + -singepumua
|
| Positive past conditional
|
positive subject concord + -ngalipumua
|
| Negative past conditional
|
positive subject concord + -singalipumua
|
|
| Gnomic (positive subject concord + -apumua)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
napumua
|
twapumua
|
| 2nd person
|
wapumua
|
mwapumua
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
apumua
|
wapumua
|
| m-mi(III/IV)
|
wapumua
|
yapumua
|
| ji-ma(V/VI)
|
lapumua
|
yapumua
|
| ki-vi(VII/VIII)
|
chapumua
|
vyapumua
|
| n(IX/X)
|
yapumua
|
zapumua
|
| u(XI)
|
wapumua
|
see n(X) or ma(VI) class
|
| ku(XV/XVII)
|
kwapumua
|
|
| pa(XVI)
|
papumua
|
|
| mu(XVIII)
|
mwapumua
|
|
|
| Perfect
|
positive subject concord + -mepumua
|
| "Already"
|
positive subject concord + -meshapumua
|
| "Not yet"
|
negative subject concord + -japumua
|
| "If/When"
|
positive subject concord + -kipumua
|
| "If not"
|
positive subject concord + -sipopumua
|
| Consecutive
|
kapumua / positive subject concord + -kapumua
|
| Consecutive subjunctive
|
positive subject concord + -kapumue
|
|
| Object concord (indicative positive)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
-nipumua
|
-tupumua
|
| 2nd person
|
-kupumua
|
-wapumua/-kupumueni/-wapumueni
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
-mpumua
|
-wapumua
|
| m-mi(III/IV)
|
-upumua
|
-ipumua
|
| ji-ma(V/VI)
|
-lipumua
|
-yapumua
|
| ki-vi(VII/VIII)
|
-kipumua
|
-vipumua
|
| n(IX/X)
|
-ipumua
|
-zipumua
|
| u(XI)
|
-upumua
|
see n(X) or ma(VI) class
|
| ku(XV/XVII)
|
-kupumua
|
|
| pa(XVI)
|
-papumua
|
|
| mu(XVIII)
|
-mupumua
|
|
| Reflexive
|
-jipumua
|
|
| Relative forms
|
| General positive (positive subject concord + (object concord) + -pumua- + relative marker)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| m-wa(I/II)
|
-pumuaye
|
-pumuao
|
| m-mi(III/IV)
|
-pumuao
|
-pumuayo
|
| ji-ma(V/VI)
|
-pumualo
|
-pumuayo
|
| ki-vi(VII/VIII)
|
-pumuacho
|
-pumuavyo
|
| n(IX/X)
|
-pumuayo
|
-pumuazo
|
| u(XI)
|
-pumuao
|
see n(X) or ma(VI) class
|
| ku(XV/XVII)
|
-pumuako
|
|
| pa(XVI)
|
-pumuapo
|
|
| mu(XVIII)
|
-pumuamo
|
|
|
| Other forms (subject concord + tense marker + relative marker + (object concord) + -pumua)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| m-wa(I/II)
|
-yepumua
|
-opumua
|
| m-mi(III/IV)
|
-opumua
|
-yopumua
|
| ji-ma(V/VI)
|
-lopumua
|
-yopumua
|
| ki-vi(VII/VIII)
|
-chopumua
|
-vyopumua
|
| n(IX/X)
|
-yopumua
|
-zopumua
|
| u(XI)
|
-opumua
|
see n(X) or ma(VI) class
|
| ku(XV/XVII)
|
-kopumua
|
|
| pa(XVI)
|
-popumua
|
|
| mu(XVIII)
|
-mopumua
|
|
|
|
| Some forms not commonly seen in modern Standard Swahili are absent from the table. See Appendix:Swahili verbs for more information.
|
Derived terms