Swahili
Pronunciation
Verb
-rudiana (infinitive kurudiana)
- Reciprocal form of -rudia: to return to each other, to reconcile
Conjugation
| Conjugation of -rudiana
|
| Positive present
|
-narudiana
|
| Subjunctive
|
-rudiane
|
| Negative
|
-rudiani
|
| Imperative singular
|
rudiana
|
|
| Infinitives
|
|
|
| Imperatives
|
| Singular
|
rudiana
|
| Plural
|
rudianeni
|
|
| Tensed forms
|
| Habitual
|
hurudiana
|
| Positive past
|
positive subject concord + -lirudiana
|
| Negative past
|
negative subject concord + -kurudiana
|
|
| Positive present (positive subject concord + -narudiana)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
ninarudiana/narudiana
|
tunarudiana
|
| 2nd person
|
unarudiana
|
mnarudiana
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
anarudiana
|
wanarudiana
|
| other classes
|
positive subject concord + -narudiana
|
|
| Negative present (negative subject concord + -rudiani)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
sirudiani
|
haturudiani
|
| 2nd person
|
hurudiani
|
hamrudiani
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
harudiani
|
hawarudiani
|
| other classes
|
negative subject concord + -rudiani
|
|
| Positive future
|
positive subject concord + -tarudiana
|
| Negative future
|
negative subject concord + -tarudiana
|
|
| Positive subjunctive (positive subject concord + -rudiane)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
nirudiane
|
turudiane
|
| 2nd person
|
urudiane
|
mrudiane
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
arudiane
|
warudiane
|
| other classes
|
positive subject concord + -rudiane
|
|
| Negative subjunctive
|
positive subject concord + -sirudiane
|
| Positive present conditional
|
positive subject concord + -ngerudiana
|
| Negative present conditional
|
positive subject concord + -singerudiana
|
| Positive past conditional
|
positive subject concord + -ngalirudiana
|
| Negative past conditional
|
positive subject concord + -singalirudiana
|
|
| Gnomic (positive subject concord + -arudiana)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
narudiana
|
twarudiana
|
| 2nd person
|
warudiana
|
mwarudiana
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
arudiana
|
warudiana
|
| m-mi(III/IV)
|
warudiana
|
yarudiana
|
| ji-ma(V/VI)
|
larudiana
|
yarudiana
|
| ki-vi(VII/VIII)
|
charudiana
|
vyarudiana
|
| n(IX/X)
|
yarudiana
|
zarudiana
|
| u(XI)
|
warudiana
|
see n(X) or ma(VI) class
|
| ku(XV/XVII)
|
kwarudiana
|
|
| pa(XVI)
|
parudiana
|
|
| mu(XVIII)
|
mwarudiana
|
|
|
| Perfect
|
positive subject concord + -merudiana
|
| "Already"
|
positive subject concord + -mesharudiana
|
| "Not yet"
|
negative subject concord + -jarudiana
|
| "If/When"
|
positive subject concord + -kirudiana
|
| "If not"
|
positive subject concord + -siporudiana
|
| Consecutive
|
karudiana / positive subject concord + -karudiana
|
| Consecutive subjunctive
|
positive subject concord + -karudiane
|
| Object concord
|
—
|
|
| Relative forms
|
| General positive (positive subject concord + -rudiana- + relative marker)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| m-wa(I/II)
|
-rudianaye
|
-rudianao
|
| m-mi(III/IV)
|
-rudianao
|
-rudianayo
|
| ji-ma(V/VI)
|
-rudianalo
|
-rudianayo
|
| ki-vi(VII/VIII)
|
-rudianacho
|
-rudianavyo
|
| n(IX/X)
|
-rudianayo
|
-rudianazo
|
| u(XI)
|
-rudianao
|
see n(X) or ma(VI) class
|
| ku(XV/XVII)
|
-rudianako
|
|
| pa(XVI)
|
-rudianapo
|
|
| mu(XVIII)
|
-rudianamo
|
|
|
| Other forms (subject concord + tense marker + relative marker + -rudiana)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| m-wa(I/II)
|
-yerudiana
|
-orudiana
|
| m-mi(III/IV)
|
-orudiana
|
-yorudiana
|
| ji-ma(V/VI)
|
-lorudiana
|
-yorudiana
|
| ki-vi(VII/VIII)
|
-chorudiana
|
-vyorudiana
|
| n(IX/X)
|
-yorudiana
|
-zorudiana
|
| u(XI)
|
-orudiana
|
see n(X) or ma(VI) class
|
| ku(XV/XVII)
|
-korudiana
|
|
| pa(XVI)
|
-porudiana
|
|
| mu(XVIII)
|
-morudiana
|
|
|
|
| Some forms not commonly seen in modern Standard Swahili are absent from the table. See Appendix:Swahili verbs for more information.
|
Derived terms