Portuguese
Verb
rufai
- second-person plural imperative of rufar
Swahili
Etymology
Borrowed from Arabic [Term?].
Verb
-rufai (infinitive kurufai)
- to ascend
Conjugation
| Conjugation of -rufai
|
| Positive present
|
-narufai
|
| Subjunctive
|
-rufai
|
| Negative
|
-rufai
|
| Imperative singular
|
rufai
|
|
| Infinitives
|
| Positive
|
kurufai
|
| Negative
|
kutorufai
|
|
| Imperatives
|
| Singular
|
rufai
|
| Plural
|
rufaini
|
|
| Tensed forms
|
| Habitual
|
hurufai
|
| Positive past
|
positive subject concord + -lirufai
|
| Negative past
|
negative subject concord + -kurufai
|
|
| Positive present (positive subject concord + -narufai)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
ninarufai/narufai
|
tunarufai
|
| 2nd person
|
unarufai
|
mnarufai
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
anarufai
|
wanarufai
|
| other classes
|
positive subject concord + -narufai
|
|
| Negative present (negative subject concord + -rufai)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
sirufai
|
haturufai
|
| 2nd person
|
hurufai
|
hamrufai
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
harufai
|
hawarufai
|
| other classes
|
negative subject concord + -rufai
|
|
| Positive future
|
positive subject concord + -tarufai
|
| Negative future
|
negative subject concord + -tarufai
|
|
| Positive subjunctive (positive subject concord + -rufai)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
nirufai
|
turufai
|
| 2nd person
|
urufai
|
mrufai
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
arufai
|
warufai
|
| other classes
|
positive subject concord + -rufai
|
|
| Negative subjunctive
|
positive subject concord + -sirufai
|
| Positive present conditional
|
positive subject concord + -ngerufai
|
| Negative present conditional
|
positive subject concord + -singerufai
|
| Positive past conditional
|
positive subject concord + -ngalirufai
|
| Negative past conditional
|
positive subject concord + -singalirufai
|
|
| Gnomic (positive subject concord + -arufai)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
narufai
|
twarufai
|
| 2nd person
|
warufai
|
mwarufai
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
arufai
|
warufai
|
| m-mi(III/IV)
|
warufai
|
yarufai
|
| ji-ma(V/VI)
|
larufai
|
yarufai
|
| ki-vi(VII/VIII)
|
charufai
|
vyarufai
|
| n(IX/X)
|
yarufai
|
zarufai
|
| u(XI)
|
warufai
|
see n(X) or ma(VI) class
|
| ku(XV/XVII)
|
kwarufai
|
|
| pa(XVI)
|
parufai
|
|
| mu(XVIII)
|
mwarufai
|
|
|
| Perfect
|
positive subject concord + -merufai
|
| "Already"
|
positive subject concord + -mesharufai
|
| "Not yet"
|
negative subject concord + -jarufai
|
| "If/When"
|
positive subject concord + -kirufai
|
| "If not"
|
positive subject concord + -siporufai
|
| Consecutive
|
karufai / positive subject concord + -karufai
|
| Consecutive subjunctive
|
positive subject concord + -karufai
|
|
| Object concord (indicative positive)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
-nirufai
|
-turufai
|
| 2nd person
|
-kurufai
|
-warufai/-kurufaini/-warufaini
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
-mrufai
|
-warufai
|
| m-mi(III/IV)
|
-urufai
|
-irufai
|
| ji-ma(V/VI)
|
-lirufai
|
-yarufai
|
| ki-vi(VII/VIII)
|
-kirufai
|
-virufai
|
| n(IX/X)
|
-irufai
|
-zirufai
|
| u(XI)
|
-urufai
|
see n(X) or ma(VI) class
|
| ku(XV/XVII)
|
-kurufai
|
|
| pa(XVI)
|
-parufai
|
|
| mu(XVIII)
|
-murufai
|
|
| Reflexive
|
-jirufai
|
|
| Relative forms
|
| General positive (positive subject concord + (object concord) + -rufai- + relative marker)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| m-wa(I/II)
|
-rufaiye
|
-rufaio
|
| m-mi(III/IV)
|
-rufaio
|
-rufaiyo
|
| ji-ma(V/VI)
|
-rufailo
|
-rufaiyo
|
| ki-vi(VII/VIII)
|
-rufaicho
|
-rufaivyo
|
| n(IX/X)
|
-rufaiyo
|
-rufaizo
|
| u(XI)
|
-rufaio
|
see n(X) or ma(VI) class
|
| ku(XV/XVII)
|
-rufaiko
|
|
| pa(XVI)
|
-rufaipo
|
|
| mu(XVIII)
|
-rufaimo
|
|
|
| Other forms (subject concord + tense marker + relative marker + (object concord) + -rufai)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| m-wa(I/II)
|
-yerufai
|
-orufai
|
| m-mi(III/IV)
|
-orufai
|
-yorufai
|
| ji-ma(V/VI)
|
-lorufai
|
-yorufai
|
| ki-vi(VII/VIII)
|
-chorufai
|
-vyorufai
|
| n(IX/X)
|
-yorufai
|
-zorufai
|
| u(XI)
|
-orufai
|
see n(X) or ma(VI) class
|
| ku(XV/XVII)
|
-korufai
|
|
| pa(XVI)
|
-porufai
|
|
| mu(XVIII)
|
-morufai
|
|
|
|
| Some forms not commonly seen in modern Standard Swahili are absent from the table. See Appendix:Swahili verbs for more information.
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