Swahili
Etymology
From English sign.[1]
Pronunciation
Noun
saini class IX (plural saini class X)
- signature (person's autograph name)
- saini ya dijiti ― digital signature
- attestation
Verb
-saini (infinitive kusaini)
- to sign something
- Synonym: -tia saini
- to attest
Conjugation
| Conjugation of -saini
|
| Positive present
|
-nasaini
|
| Subjunctive
|
-saini
|
| Negative
|
-saini
|
| Imperative singular
|
saini
|
|
| Infinitives
|
| Positive
|
kusaini
|
| Negative
|
kutosaini
|
|
| Imperatives
|
| Singular
|
saini
|
| Plural
|
sainini
|
|
| Tensed forms
|
| Habitual
|
husaini
|
| Positive past
|
positive subject concord + -lisaini
|
| Negative past
|
negative subject concord + -kusaini
|
|
| Positive present (positive subject concord + -nasaini)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
ninasaini/nasaini
|
tunasaini
|
| 2nd person
|
unasaini
|
mnasaini
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
anasaini
|
wanasaini
|
| other classes
|
positive subject concord + -nasaini
|
|
| Negative present (negative subject concord + -saini)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
sisaini
|
hatusaini
|
| 2nd person
|
husaini
|
hamsaini
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
hasaini
|
hawasaini
|
| other classes
|
negative subject concord + -saini
|
|
| Positive future
|
positive subject concord + -tasaini
|
| Negative future
|
negative subject concord + -tasaini
|
|
| Positive subjunctive (positive subject concord + -saini)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
nisaini
|
tusaini
|
| 2nd person
|
usaini
|
msaini
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
asaini
|
wasaini
|
| other classes
|
positive subject concord + -saini
|
|
| Negative subjunctive
|
positive subject concord + -sisaini
|
| Positive present conditional
|
positive subject concord + -ngesaini
|
| Negative present conditional
|
positive subject concord + -singesaini
|
| Positive past conditional
|
positive subject concord + -ngalisaini
|
| Negative past conditional
|
positive subject concord + -singalisaini
|
|
| Gnomic (positive subject concord + -asaini)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
nasaini
|
twasaini
|
| 2nd person
|
wasaini
|
mwasaini
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
asaini
|
wasaini
|
| m-mi(III/IV)
|
wasaini
|
yasaini
|
| ji-ma(V/VI)
|
lasaini
|
yasaini
|
| ki-vi(VII/VIII)
|
chasaini
|
vyasaini
|
| n(IX/X)
|
yasaini
|
zasaini
|
| u(XI)
|
wasaini
|
see n(X) or ma(VI) class
|
| ku(XV/XVII)
|
kwasaini
|
|
| pa(XVI)
|
pasaini
|
|
| mu(XVIII)
|
mwasaini
|
|
|
| Perfect
|
positive subject concord + -mesaini
|
| "Already"
|
positive subject concord + -meshasaini
|
| "Not yet"
|
negative subject concord + -jasaini
|
| "If/When"
|
positive subject concord + -kisaini
|
| "If not"
|
positive subject concord + -siposaini
|
| Consecutive
|
kasaini / positive subject concord + -kasaini
|
| Consecutive subjunctive
|
positive subject concord + -kasaini
|
|
| Object concord (indicative positive)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
-nisaini
|
-tusaini
|
| 2nd person
|
-kusaini
|
-wasaini/-kusainini/-wasainini
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
-msaini
|
-wasaini
|
| m-mi(III/IV)
|
-usaini
|
-isaini
|
| ji-ma(V/VI)
|
-lisaini
|
-yasaini
|
| ki-vi(VII/VIII)
|
-kisaini
|
-visaini
|
| n(IX/X)
|
-isaini
|
-zisaini
|
| u(XI)
|
-usaini
|
see n(X) or ma(VI) class
|
| ku(XV/XVII)
|
-kusaini
|
|
| pa(XVI)
|
-pasaini
|
|
| mu(XVIII)
|
-musaini
|
|
| Reflexive
|
-jisaini
|
|
| Relative forms
|
| General positive (positive subject concord + (object concord) + -saini- + relative marker)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| m-wa(I/II)
|
-sainiye
|
-sainio
|
| m-mi(III/IV)
|
-sainio
|
-sainiyo
|
| ji-ma(V/VI)
|
-sainilo
|
-sainiyo
|
| ki-vi(VII/VIII)
|
-sainicho
|
-sainivyo
|
| n(IX/X)
|
-sainiyo
|
-sainizo
|
| u(XI)
|
-sainio
|
see n(X) or ma(VI) class
|
| ku(XV/XVII)
|
-sainiko
|
|
| pa(XVI)
|
-sainipo
|
|
| mu(XVIII)
|
-sainimo
|
|
|
| Other forms (subject concord + tense marker + relative marker + (object concord) + -saini)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| m-wa(I/II)
|
-yesaini
|
-osaini
|
| m-mi(III/IV)
|
-osaini
|
-yosaini
|
| ji-ma(V/VI)
|
-losaini
|
-yosaini
|
| ki-vi(VII/VIII)
|
-chosaini
|
-vyosaini
|
| n(IX/X)
|
-yosaini
|
-zosaini
|
| u(XI)
|
-osaini
|
see n(X) or ma(VI) class
|
| ku(XV/XVII)
|
-kosaini
|
|
| pa(XVI)
|
-posaini
|
|
| mu(XVIII)
|
-mosaini
|
|
|
|
| Some forms not commonly seen in modern Standard Swahili are absent from the table. See Appendix:Swahili verbs for more information.
|
References
- ^ Batibo, Herman M. (2002) “The Evolution of the Kiswahili Syllable Structure”, in South African Journal of African Language[1], volume 22, number 1, →DOI, page 7 of 1-10