Swahili
Etymology
Borrowed from Arabic صَنَّفَ (ṣannafa).
Pronunciation
Verb
-sanifu (infinitive kusanifu)
- to compose with skill
Conjugation
| Conjugation of -sanifu
|
| Positive present
|
-nasanifu
|
| Subjunctive
|
-sanifu
|
| Negative
|
-sanifu
|
| Imperative singular
|
sanifu
|
|
| Infinitives
|
|
|
| Imperatives
|
| Singular
|
sanifu
|
| Plural
|
sanifuni
|
|
| Tensed forms
|
| Habitual
|
husanifu
|
| Positive past
|
positive subject concord + -lisanifu
|
| Negative past
|
negative subject concord + -kusanifu
|
|
| Positive present (positive subject concord + -nasanifu)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
ninasanifu/nasanifu
|
tunasanifu
|
| 2nd person
|
unasanifu
|
mnasanifu
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
anasanifu
|
wanasanifu
|
| other classes
|
positive subject concord + -nasanifu
|
|
| Negative present (negative subject concord + -sanifu)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
sisanifu
|
hatusanifu
|
| 2nd person
|
husanifu
|
hamsanifu
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
hasanifu
|
hawasanifu
|
| other classes
|
negative subject concord + -sanifu
|
|
| Positive future
|
positive subject concord + -tasanifu
|
| Negative future
|
negative subject concord + -tasanifu
|
|
| Positive subjunctive (positive subject concord + -sanifu)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
nisanifu
|
tusanifu
|
| 2nd person
|
usanifu
|
msanifu
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
asanifu
|
wasanifu
|
| other classes
|
positive subject concord + -sanifu
|
|
| Negative subjunctive
|
positive subject concord + -sisanifu
|
| Positive present conditional
|
positive subject concord + -ngesanifu
|
| Negative present conditional
|
positive subject concord + -singesanifu
|
| Positive past conditional
|
positive subject concord + -ngalisanifu
|
| Negative past conditional
|
positive subject concord + -singalisanifu
|
|
| Gnomic (positive subject concord + -asanifu)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
nasanifu
|
twasanifu
|
| 2nd person
|
wasanifu
|
mwasanifu
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
asanifu
|
wasanifu
|
| m-mi(III/IV)
|
wasanifu
|
yasanifu
|
| ji-ma(V/VI)
|
lasanifu
|
yasanifu
|
| ki-vi(VII/VIII)
|
chasanifu
|
vyasanifu
|
| n(IX/X)
|
yasanifu
|
zasanifu
|
| u(XI)
|
wasanifu
|
see n(X) or ma(VI) class
|
| ku(XV/XVII)
|
kwasanifu
|
|
| pa(XVI)
|
pasanifu
|
|
| mu(XVIII)
|
mwasanifu
|
|
|
| Perfect
|
positive subject concord + -mesanifu
|
| "Already"
|
positive subject concord + -meshasanifu
|
| "Not yet"
|
negative subject concord + -jasanifu
|
| "If/When"
|
positive subject concord + -kisanifu
|
| "If not"
|
positive subject concord + -siposanifu
|
| Consecutive
|
kasanifu / positive subject concord + -kasanifu
|
| Consecutive subjunctive
|
positive subject concord + -kasanifu
|
|
| Object concord (indicative positive)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
-nisanifu
|
-tusanifu
|
| 2nd person
|
-kusanifu
|
-wasanifu/-kusanifuni/-wasanifuni
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
-msanifu
|
-wasanifu
|
| m-mi(III/IV)
|
-usanifu
|
-isanifu
|
| ji-ma(V/VI)
|
-lisanifu
|
-yasanifu
|
| ki-vi(VII/VIII)
|
-kisanifu
|
-visanifu
|
| n(IX/X)
|
-isanifu
|
-zisanifu
|
| u(XI)
|
-usanifu
|
see n(X) or ma(VI) class
|
| ku(XV/XVII)
|
-kusanifu
|
|
| pa(XVI)
|
-pasanifu
|
|
| mu(XVIII)
|
-musanifu
|
|
| Reflexive
|
-jisanifu
|
|
| Relative forms
|
| General positive (positive subject concord + (object concord) + -sanifu- + relative marker)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| m-wa(I/II)
|
-sanifuye
|
-sanifuo
|
| m-mi(III/IV)
|
-sanifuo
|
-sanifuyo
|
| ji-ma(V/VI)
|
-sanifulo
|
-sanifuyo
|
| ki-vi(VII/VIII)
|
-sanifucho
|
-sanifuvyo
|
| n(IX/X)
|
-sanifuyo
|
-sanifuzo
|
| u(XI)
|
-sanifuo
|
see n(X) or ma(VI) class
|
| ku(XV/XVII)
|
-sanifuko
|
|
| pa(XVI)
|
-sanifupo
|
|
| mu(XVIII)
|
-sanifumo
|
|
|
| Other forms (subject concord + tense marker + relative marker + (object concord) + -sanifu)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| m-wa(I/II)
|
-yesanifu
|
-osanifu
|
| m-mi(III/IV)
|
-osanifu
|
-yosanifu
|
| ji-ma(V/VI)
|
-losanifu
|
-yosanifu
|
| ki-vi(VII/VIII)
|
-chosanifu
|
-vyosanifu
|
| n(IX/X)
|
-yosanifu
|
-zosanifu
|
| u(XI)
|
-osanifu
|
see n(X) or ma(VI) class
|
| ku(XV/XVII)
|
-kosanifu
|
|
| pa(XVI)
|
-posanifu
|
|
| mu(XVIII)
|
-mosanifu
|
|
|
|
| Some forms not commonly seen in modern Standard Swahili are absent from the table. See Appendix:Swahili verbs for more information.
|
Adjective
sanifu (invariable)
- standard, proper
- Kiswahili sanifu ― Standard Swahili
- artfully made
Derived terms
- Nominal derivations:
- usanifu (“composition, standardization”)