Swahili
Pronunciation
Etymology 1
Borrowed from Arabic صَوْم (ṣawm).
Noun
saumu class IX (plural saumu class X)
- fast (abstention from food, and sometimes other comforts)
Verb
-saumu (infinitive kusaumu)
- to fast (abstain from food, and sometimes other comforts)
Conjugation
| Conjugation of -saumu
|
| Positive present
|
-nasaumu
|
| Subjunctive
|
-saumu
|
| Negative
|
-saumu
|
| Imperative singular
|
saumu
|
|
| Infinitives
|
| Positive
|
kusaumu
|
| Negative
|
kutosaumu
|
|
| Imperatives
|
| Singular
|
saumu
|
| Plural
|
saumuni
|
|
| Tensed forms
|
| Habitual
|
husaumu
|
| Positive past
|
positive subject concord + -lisaumu
|
| Negative past
|
negative subject concord + -kusaumu
|
|
| Positive present (positive subject concord + -nasaumu)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
ninasaumu/nasaumu
|
tunasaumu
|
| 2nd person
|
unasaumu
|
mnasaumu
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
anasaumu
|
wanasaumu
|
| other classes
|
positive subject concord + -nasaumu
|
|
| Negative present (negative subject concord + -saumu)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
sisaumu
|
hatusaumu
|
| 2nd person
|
husaumu
|
hamsaumu
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
hasaumu
|
hawasaumu
|
| other classes
|
negative subject concord + -saumu
|
|
| Positive future
|
positive subject concord + -tasaumu
|
| Negative future
|
negative subject concord + -tasaumu
|
|
| Positive subjunctive (positive subject concord + -saumu)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
nisaumu
|
tusaumu
|
| 2nd person
|
usaumu
|
msaumu
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
asaumu
|
wasaumu
|
| other classes
|
positive subject concord + -saumu
|
|
| Negative subjunctive
|
positive subject concord + -sisaumu
|
| Positive present conditional
|
positive subject concord + -ngesaumu
|
| Negative present conditional
|
positive subject concord + -singesaumu
|
| Positive past conditional
|
positive subject concord + -ngalisaumu
|
| Negative past conditional
|
positive subject concord + -singalisaumu
|
|
| Gnomic (positive subject concord + -asaumu)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
nasaumu
|
twasaumu
|
| 2nd person
|
wasaumu
|
mwasaumu
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
asaumu
|
wasaumu
|
| m-mi(III/IV)
|
wasaumu
|
yasaumu
|
| ji-ma(V/VI)
|
lasaumu
|
yasaumu
|
| ki-vi(VII/VIII)
|
chasaumu
|
vyasaumu
|
| n(IX/X)
|
yasaumu
|
zasaumu
|
| u(XI)
|
wasaumu
|
see n(X) or ma(VI) class
|
| ku(XV/XVII)
|
kwasaumu
|
|
| pa(XVI)
|
pasaumu
|
|
| mu(XVIII)
|
mwasaumu
|
|
|
| Perfect
|
positive subject concord + -mesaumu
|
| "Already"
|
positive subject concord + -meshasaumu
|
| "Not yet"
|
negative subject concord + -jasaumu
|
| "If/When"
|
positive subject concord + -kisaumu
|
| "If not"
|
positive subject concord + -siposaumu
|
| Consecutive
|
kasaumu / positive subject concord + -kasaumu
|
| Consecutive subjunctive
|
positive subject concord + -kasaumu
|
|
| Object concord (indicative positive)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
-nisaumu
|
-tusaumu
|
| 2nd person
|
-kusaumu
|
-wasaumu/-kusaumuni/-wasaumuni
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
-msaumu
|
-wasaumu
|
| m-mi(III/IV)
|
-usaumu
|
-isaumu
|
| ji-ma(V/VI)
|
-lisaumu
|
-yasaumu
|
| ki-vi(VII/VIII)
|
-kisaumu
|
-visaumu
|
| n(IX/X)
|
-isaumu
|
-zisaumu
|
| u(XI)
|
-usaumu
|
see n(X) or ma(VI) class
|
| ku(XV/XVII)
|
-kusaumu
|
|
| pa(XVI)
|
-pasaumu
|
|
| mu(XVIII)
|
-musaumu
|
|
| Reflexive
|
-jisaumu
|
|
| Relative forms
|
| General positive (positive subject concord + (object concord) + -saumu- + relative marker)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| m-wa(I/II)
|
-saumuye
|
-saumuo
|
| m-mi(III/IV)
|
-saumuo
|
-saumuyo
|
| ji-ma(V/VI)
|
-saumulo
|
-saumuyo
|
| ki-vi(VII/VIII)
|
-saumucho
|
-saumuvyo
|
| n(IX/X)
|
-saumuyo
|
-saumuzo
|
| u(XI)
|
-saumuo
|
see n(X) or ma(VI) class
|
| ku(XV/XVII)
|
-saumuko
|
|
| pa(XVI)
|
-saumupo
|
|
| mu(XVIII)
|
-saumumo
|
|
|
| Other forms (subject concord + tense marker + relative marker + (object concord) + -saumu)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| m-wa(I/II)
|
-yesaumu
|
-osaumu
|
| m-mi(III/IV)
|
-osaumu
|
-yosaumu
|
| ji-ma(V/VI)
|
-losaumu
|
-yosaumu
|
| ki-vi(VII/VIII)
|
-chosaumu
|
-vyosaumu
|
| n(IX/X)
|
-yosaumu
|
-zosaumu
|
| u(XI)
|
-osaumu
|
see n(X) or ma(VI) class
|
| ku(XV/XVII)
|
-kosaumu
|
|
| pa(XVI)
|
-posaumu
|
|
| mu(XVIII)
|
-mosaumu
|
|
|
|
| Some forms not commonly seen in modern Standard Swahili are absent from the table. See Appendix:Swahili verbs for more information.
|
Etymology 2
See kitunguu saumu.
Noun
saumu class IX (plural saumu class X)
- only used in kitunguu saumu (“garlic”)