Swahili
Etymology
Borrowed from Arabic شَرِيف (šarīf).[1]
Pronunciation
Adjective
sharifu (invariable)
- noble
- descended from Muhammad
- honorable, dignified, excellent
Noun
sharifu class V (plural masharifu class VI)
- a noble, especially a person descended from Muhammad
Verb
-sharifu (infinitive kusharifu)
- to honor, treat with respect and dignity
Conjugation
| Conjugation of -sharifu
|
| Positive present
|
-nasharifu
|
| Subjunctive
|
-sharifu
|
| Negative
|
-sharifu
|
| Imperative singular
|
sharifu
|
|
| Infinitives
|
|
|
| Imperatives
|
| Singular
|
sharifu
|
| Plural
|
sharifuni
|
|
| Tensed forms
|
| Habitual
|
husharifu
|
| Positive past
|
positive subject concord + -lisharifu
|
| Negative past
|
negative subject concord + -kusharifu
|
|
| Positive present (positive subject concord + -nasharifu)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
ninasharifu/nasharifu
|
tunasharifu
|
| 2nd person
|
unasharifu
|
mnasharifu
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
anasharifu
|
wanasharifu
|
| other classes
|
positive subject concord + -nasharifu
|
|
| Negative present (negative subject concord + -sharifu)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
sisharifu
|
hatusharifu
|
| 2nd person
|
husharifu
|
hamsharifu
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
hasharifu
|
hawasharifu
|
| other classes
|
negative subject concord + -sharifu
|
|
| Positive future
|
positive subject concord + -tasharifu
|
| Negative future
|
negative subject concord + -tasharifu
|
|
| Positive subjunctive (positive subject concord + -sharifu)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
nisharifu
|
tusharifu
|
| 2nd person
|
usharifu
|
msharifu
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
asharifu
|
washarifu
|
| other classes
|
positive subject concord + -sharifu
|
|
| Negative subjunctive
|
positive subject concord + -sisharifu
|
| Positive present conditional
|
positive subject concord + -ngesharifu
|
| Negative present conditional
|
positive subject concord + -singesharifu
|
| Positive past conditional
|
positive subject concord + -ngalisharifu
|
| Negative past conditional
|
positive subject concord + -singalisharifu
|
|
| Gnomic (positive subject concord + -asharifu)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
nasharifu
|
twasharifu
|
| 2nd person
|
washarifu
|
mwasharifu
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
asharifu
|
washarifu
|
| m-mi(III/IV)
|
washarifu
|
yasharifu
|
| ji-ma(V/VI)
|
lasharifu
|
yasharifu
|
| ki-vi(VII/VIII)
|
chasharifu
|
vyasharifu
|
| n(IX/X)
|
yasharifu
|
zasharifu
|
| u(XI)
|
washarifu
|
see n(X) or ma(VI) class
|
| ku(XV/XVII)
|
kwasharifu
|
|
| pa(XVI)
|
pasharifu
|
|
| mu(XVIII)
|
mwasharifu
|
|
|
| Perfect
|
positive subject concord + -mesharifu
|
| "Already"
|
positive subject concord + -meshasharifu
|
| "Not yet"
|
negative subject concord + -jasharifu
|
| "If/When"
|
positive subject concord + -kisharifu
|
| "If not"
|
positive subject concord + -siposharifu
|
| Consecutive
|
kasharifu / positive subject concord + -kasharifu
|
| Consecutive subjunctive
|
positive subject concord + -kasharifu
|
|
| Object concord (indicative positive)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
-nisharifu
|
-tusharifu
|
| 2nd person
|
-kusharifu
|
-washarifu/-kusharifuni/-washarifuni
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
-msharifu
|
-washarifu
|
| m-mi(III/IV)
|
-usharifu
|
-isharifu
|
| ji-ma(V/VI)
|
-lisharifu
|
-yasharifu
|
| ki-vi(VII/VIII)
|
-kisharifu
|
-visharifu
|
| n(IX/X)
|
-isharifu
|
-zisharifu
|
| u(XI)
|
-usharifu
|
see n(X) or ma(VI) class
|
| ku(XV/XVII)
|
-kusharifu
|
|
| pa(XVI)
|
-pasharifu
|
|
| mu(XVIII)
|
-musharifu
|
|
| Reflexive
|
-jisharifu
|
|
| Relative forms
|
| General positive (positive subject concord + (object concord) + -sharifu- + relative marker)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| m-wa(I/II)
|
-sharifuye
|
-sharifuo
|
| m-mi(III/IV)
|
-sharifuo
|
-sharifuyo
|
| ji-ma(V/VI)
|
-sharifulo
|
-sharifuyo
|
| ki-vi(VII/VIII)
|
-sharifucho
|
-sharifuvyo
|
| n(IX/X)
|
-sharifuyo
|
-sharifuzo
|
| u(XI)
|
-sharifuo
|
see n(X) or ma(VI) class
|
| ku(XV/XVII)
|
-sharifuko
|
|
| pa(XVI)
|
-sharifupo
|
|
| mu(XVIII)
|
-sharifumo
|
|
|
| Other forms (subject concord + tense marker + relative marker + (object concord) + -sharifu)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| m-wa(I/II)
|
-yesharifu
|
-osharifu
|
| m-mi(III/IV)
|
-osharifu
|
-yosharifu
|
| ji-ma(V/VI)
|
-losharifu
|
-yosharifu
|
| ki-vi(VII/VIII)
|
-chosharifu
|
-vyosharifu
|
| n(IX/X)
|
-yosharifu
|
-zosharifu
|
| u(XI)
|
-osharifu
|
see n(X) or ma(VI) class
|
| ku(XV/XVII)
|
-kosharifu
|
|
| pa(XVI)
|
-posharifu
|
|
| mu(XVIII)
|
-mosharifu
|
|
|
|
| Some forms not commonly seen in modern Standard Swahili are absent from the table. See Appendix:Swahili verbs for more information.
|
References
- ^ Baldi, Sergio (30 November 2020) Dictionary of Arabic Loanwords in the Languages of Central and East Africa (Handbuch der Orientalistik; Erste Abteilung: Der Nahe und der Mittlere Osten; 145), Leiden • Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 165 Nr. 1463