shona

See also: Shona

Finnish

Etymology

From Shona [Term?].

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ˈʃonɑ/, [ˈʃo̞nɑ̝]
  • Rhymes: -onɑ

Noun

shona

  1. Shona (language)
  2. Shona (person)
  3. (in the plural) Shona (people)

Declension

Inflection of shona (Kotus type 10/koira, no gradation)
nominative shona shonat
genitive shonan shonien
partitive shonaa shonia
illative shonaan shoniin
singular plural
nominative shona shonat
accusative nom. shona shonat
gen. shonan
genitive shonan shonien
shonain rare
partitive shonaa shonia
inessive shonassa shonissa
elative shonasta shonista
illative shonaan shoniin
adessive shonalla shonilla
ablative shonalta shonilta
allative shonalle shonille
essive shonana shonina
translative shonaksi shoniksi
abessive shonatta shonitta
instructive — shonin
comitative See the possessive forms below.
Possessive forms of shona (Kotus type 10/koira, no gradation)
first-person singular possessor
singular plural
nominative shonani shonani
accusative nom. shonani shonani
gen. shonani
genitive shonani shonieni
shonaini rare
partitive shonaani shoniani
inessive shonassani shonissani
elative shonastani shonistani
illative shonaani shoniini
adessive shonallani shonillani
ablative shonaltani shoniltani
allative shonalleni shonilleni
essive shonanani shoninani
translative shonakseni shonikseni
abessive shonattani shonittani
instructive — —
comitative — shonineni
second-person singular possessor
singular plural
nominative shonasi shonasi
accusative nom. shonasi shonasi
gen. shonasi
genitive shonasi shoniesi
shonaisi rare
partitive shonaasi shoniasi
inessive shonassasi shonissasi
elative shonastasi shonistasi
illative shonaasi shoniisi
adessive shonallasi shonillasi
ablative shonaltasi shoniltasi
allative shonallesi shonillesi
essive shonanasi shoninasi
translative shonaksesi shoniksesi
abessive shonattasi shonittasi
instructive — —
comitative — shoninesi
first-person plural possessor
singular plural
nominative shonamme shonamme
accusative nom. shonamme shonamme
gen. shonamme
genitive shonamme shoniemme
shonaimme rare
partitive shonaamme shoniamme
inessive shonassamme shonissamme
elative shonastamme shonistamme
illative shonaamme shoniimme
adessive shonallamme shonillamme
ablative shonaltamme shoniltamme
allative shonallemme shonillemme
essive shonanamme shoninamme
translative shonaksemme shoniksemme
abessive shonattamme shonittamme
instructive — —
comitative — shoninemme
second-person plural possessor
singular plural
nominative shonanne shonanne
accusative nom. shonanne shonanne
gen. shonanne
genitive shonanne shonienne
shonainne rare
partitive shonaanne shonianne
inessive shonassanne shonissanne
elative shonastanne shonistanne
illative shonaanne shoniinne
adessive shonallanne shonillanne
ablative shonaltanne shoniltanne
allative shonallenne shonillenne
essive shonananne shoninanne
translative shonaksenne shoniksenne
abessive shonattanne shonittanne
instructive — —
comitative — shoninenne
third-person possessor
singular plural
nominative shonansa shonansa
accusative nom. shonansa shonansa
gen. shonansa
genitive shonansa shoniensa
shonainsa rare
partitive shonaansa shoniaan
shoniansa
inessive shonassaan
shonassansa 		shonissaan
shonissansa
elative shonastaan
shonastansa 		shonistaan
shonistansa
illative shonaansa shoniinsa
adessive shonallaan
shonallansa 		shonillaan
shonillansa
ablative shonaltaan
shonaltansa 		shoniltaan
shoniltansa
allative shonalleen
shonallensa 		shonilleen
shonillensa
essive shonanaan
shonanansa 		shoninaan
shoninansa
translative shonakseen
shonaksensa 		shonikseen
shoniksensa
abessive shonattaan
shonattansa 		shonittaan
shonittansa
instructive — —
comitative — shonineen
shoninensa

Irish

Adjective

shona

  1. lenited form of sona

Swahili

Pronunciation

  • Audio (Kenya):(file)

Verb

-shona (infinitive kushona)

  1. to sew, to stitch

Conjugation

Conjugation of -shona
Positive present -nashona
Subjunctive -shone
Negative -shoni
Imperative singular shona
Infinitives
Positive kushona
Negative kutoshona
Imperatives
Singular shona
Plural shoneni
Tensed forms
Habitual hushona
Positive past positive subject concord + -lishona
Negative past negative subject concord + -kushona
Positive present (positive subject concord + -nashona)
Singular Plural
1st person ninashona/nashona tunashona
2nd person unashona mnashona
3rd person m-wa(I/II) anashona wanashona
other classes positive subject concord + -nashona
Negative present (negative subject concord + -shoni)
Singular Plural
1st person sishoni hatushoni
2nd person hushoni hamshoni
3rd person m-wa(I/II) hashoni hawashoni
other classes negative subject concord + -shoni
Positive future positive subject concord + -tashona
Negative future negative subject concord + -tashona
Positive subjunctive (positive subject concord + -shone)
Singular Plural
1st person nishone tushone
2nd person ushone mshone
3rd person m-wa(I/II) ashone washone
other classes positive subject concord + -shone
Negative subjunctive positive subject concord + -sishone
Positive present conditional positive subject concord + -ngeshona
Negative present conditional positive subject concord + -singeshona
Positive past conditional positive subject concord + -ngalishona
Negative past conditional positive subject concord + -singalishona
Gnomic (positive subject concord + -ashona)
Singular Plural
1st person nashona twashona
2nd person washona mwashona
3rd person m-wa(I/II) ashona washona
m-mi(III/IV) washona yashona
ji-ma(V/VI) lashona yashona
ki-vi(VII/VIII) chashona vyashona
n(IX/X) yashona zashona
u(XI) washona see n(X) or ma(VI) class
ku(XV/XVII) kwashona
pa(XVI) pashona
mu(XVIII) mwashona
Perfect positive subject concord + -meshona
"Already" positive subject concord + -meshashona
"Not yet" negative subject concord + -jashona
"If/When" positive subject concord + -kishona
"If not" positive subject concord + -siposhona
Consecutive kashona / positive subject concord + -kashona
Consecutive subjunctive positive subject concord + -kashone
Object concord (indicative positive)
Singular Plural
1st person -nishona -tushona
2nd person -kushona -washona/-kushoneni/-washoneni
3rd person m-wa(I/II) -mshona -washona
m-mi(III/IV) -ushona -ishona
ji-ma(V/VI) -lishona -yashona
ki-vi(VII/VIII) -kishona -vishona
n(IX/X) -ishona -zishona
u(XI) -ushona see n(X) or ma(VI) class
ku(XV/XVII) -kushona
pa(XVI) -pashona
mu(XVIII) -mushona
Reflexive -jishona
Relative forms
General positive (positive subject concord + (object concord) + -shona- + relative marker)
Singular Plural
m-wa(I/II) -shonaye -shonao
m-mi(III/IV) -shonao -shonayo
ji-ma(V/VI) -shonalo -shonayo
ki-vi(VII/VIII) -shonacho -shonavyo
n(IX/X) -shonayo -shonazo
u(XI) -shonao see n(X) or ma(VI) class
ku(XV/XVII) -shonako
pa(XVI) -shonapo
mu(XVIII) -shonamo
Other forms (subject concord + tense marker + relative marker + (object concord) + -shona)
Singular Plural
m-wa(I/II) -yeshona -oshona
m-mi(III/IV) -oshona -yoshona
ji-ma(V/VI) -loshona -yoshona
ki-vi(VII/VIII) -choshona -vyoshona
n(IX/X) -yoshona -zoshona
u(XI) -oshona see n(X) or ma(VI) class
ku(XV/XVII) -koshona
pa(XVI) -poshona
mu(XVIII) -moshona
Some forms not commonly seen in modern Standard Swahili are absent from the table. See Appendix:Swahili verbs for more information.

Derived terms

  • Nominal derivations:

Zulu

Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Verb

-shôna

  1. (intransitive) to sink, to go down
  2. (intransitive) to set (of the sun)
  3. (intransitive) to disappear
  4. (intransitive, euphemistic) to die
  5. (intransitive) to become ruined, to go bankrupt

Inflection

tone HH (infinitive ukushona)
positive negative
infinitive ukushona ukungashoni
imperative
simple + object concord
singular shona -shone
plural shonani -shoneni
present
positive absolute positive relative positive participial negative absolute negative relative negative participial
1st singular ngiyashona, ngishona engishonayo, engishona ngishona angishoni engingashoni ngingashoni
2nd singular uyashona, ushona oshonayo, oshona ushona awushoni ongashoni ungashoni
1st plural siyashona, sishona esishonayo, esishona sishona asishoni esingashoni singashoni
2nd plural niyashona, nishona enishonayo, enishona nishona anishoni eningashoni ningashoni
class 1 uyashona, ushona oshonayo, oshona eshona akashoni ongashoni engashoni
class 2 bayashona, bashona abashonayo, abashona beshona abashoni abangashoni bengashoni
class 3 uyashona, ushona oshonayo, oshona ushona awushoni ongashoni ungashoni
class 4 iyashona, ishona eshonayo, eshona ishona ayishoni engashoni ingashoni
class 5 liyashona, lishona elishonayo, elishona lishona alishoni elingashoni lingashoni
class 6 ayashona, ashona ashonayo, ashona eshona awashoni angashoni engashoni
class 7 siyashona, sishona esishonayo, esishona sishona asishoni esingashoni singashoni
class 8 ziyashona, zishona ezishonayo, ezishona zishona azishoni ezingashoni zingashoni
class 9 iyashona, ishona eshonayo, eshona ishona ayishoni engashoni ingashoni
class 10 ziyashona, zishona ezishonayo, ezishona zishona azishoni ezingashoni zingashoni
class 11 luyashona, lushona olushonayo, olushona lushona alushoni olungashoni lungashoni
class 14 buyashona, bushona obushonayo, obushona bushona abushoni obungashoni bungashoni
class 15 kuyashona, kushona okushonayo, okushona kushona akushoni okungashoni kungashoni
class 17 kuyashona, kushona okushonayo, okushona kushona akushoni okungashoni kungashoni
recent past
positive absolute positive relative positive participial negative absolute negative relative negative participial
1st singular ngishonile, ngishonē engishonile, engishonē ngishonile, ngishonē angishonanga engingashonanga ngingashonanga
2nd singular ushonile, ushonē oshonile, oshonē ushonile, ushonē awushonanga ongashonanga ungashonanga
1st plural sishonile, sishonē esishonile, esishonē sishonile, sishonē asishonanga esingashonanga singashonanga
2nd plural nishonile, nishonē enishonile, enishonē nishonile, nishonē anishonanga eningashonanga ningashonanga
class 1 ushonile, ushonē oshonile, oshonē eshonile, eshonē akashonanga ongashonanga engashonanga
class 2 bashonile, bashonē abashonile, abashonē beshonile, beshonē abashonanga abangashonanga bengashonanga
class 3 ushonile, ushonē oshonile, oshonē ushonile, ushonē awushonanga ongashonanga ungashonanga
class 4 ishonile, ishonē eshonile, eshonē ishonile, ishonē ayishonanga engashonanga ingashonanga
class 5 lishonile, lishonē elishonile, elishonē lishonile, lishonē alishonanga elingashonanga lingashonanga
class 6 ashonile, ashonē ashonile, ashonē eshonile, eshonē awashonanga angashonanga engashonanga
class 7 sishonile, sishonē esishonile, esishonē sishonile, sishonē asishonanga esingashonanga singashonanga
class 8 zishonile, zishonē ezishonile, ezishonē zishonile, zishonē azishonanga ezingashonanga zingashonanga
class 9 ishonile, ishonē eshonile, eshonē ishonile, ishonē ayishonanga engashonanga ingashonanga
class 10 zishonile, zishonē ezishonile, ezishonē zishonile, zishonē azishonanga ezingashonanga zingashonanga
class 11 lushonile, lushonē olushonile, olushonē lushonile, lushonē alushonanga olungashonanga lungashonanga
class 14 bushonile, bushonē obushonile, obushonē bushonile, bushonē abushonanga obungashonanga bungashonanga
class 15 kushonile, kushonē okushonile, okushonē kushonile, kushonē akushonanga okungashonanga kungashonanga
class 17 kushonile, kushonē okushonile, okushonē kushonile, kushonē akushonanga okungashonanga kungashonanga
remote past
positive absolute positive relative positive participial negative absolute negative relative negative participial
1st singular ngāshona engāshona ngāshona angishonanga engingashonanga ngingashonanga
2nd singular wāshona owāshona wāshona awushonanga ongashonanga ungashonanga
1st plural sāshona esāshona sāshona asishonanga esingashonanga singashonanga
2nd plural nāshona enāshona nāshona anishonanga eningashonanga ningashonanga
class 1 wāshona owāshona āshona akashonanga ongashonanga engashonanga
class 2 bāshona abāshona bāshona abashonanga abangashonanga bengashonanga
class 3 wāshona owāshona wāshona awushonanga ongashonanga ungashonanga
class 4 yāshona eyāshona yāshona ayishonanga engashonanga ingashonanga
class 5 lāshona elāshona lāshona alishonanga elingashonanga lingashonanga
class 6 āshona āshona āshona awashonanga angashonanga engashonanga
class 7 sāshona esāshona sāshona asishonanga esingashonanga singashonanga
class 8 zāshona ezāshona zāshona azishonanga ezingashonanga zingashonanga
class 9 yāshona eyāshona yāshona ayishonanga engashonanga ingashonanga
class 10 zāshona ezāshona zāshona azishonanga ezingashonanga zingashonanga
class 11 lwāshona olwāshona lwāshona alushonanga olungashonanga lungashonanga
class 14 bāshona obāshona bāshona abushonanga obungashonanga bungashonanga
class 15 kwāshona okwāshona kwāshona akushonanga okungashonanga kungashonanga
class 17 kwāshona okwāshona kwāshona akushonanga okungashonanga kungashonanga
potential
positive absolute positive relative positive participial negative absolute negative relative negative participial
1st singular ngingashona — ngingashona ngingeshone — ngingeshone
2nd singular ungashona — ungashona ungeshone — ungeshone
1st plural singashona — singashona singeshone — singeshone
2nd plural ningashona — ningashona ningeshone — ningeshone
class 1 angashona — engashona angeshone — engeshone
class 2 bangashona — bengashona bangeshone — bengeshone
class 3 ungashona — ungashona ungeshone — ungeshone
class 4 ingashona — ingashona ingeshone — ingeshone
class 5 lingashona — lingashona lingeshone — lingeshone
class 6 angashona — engashona angeshone — engeshone
class 7 singashona — singashona singeshone — singeshone
class 8 zingashona — zingashona zingeshone — zingeshone
class 9 ingashona — ingashona ingeshone — ingeshone
class 10 zingashona — zingashona zingeshone — zingeshone
class 11 lungashona — lungashona lungeshone — lungeshone
class 14 bungashona — bungashona bungeshone — bungeshone
class 15 kungashona — kungashona kungeshone — kungeshone
class 17 kungashona — kungashona kungeshone — kungeshone
immediate future
positive absolute positive relative positive participial negative absolute negative relative negative participial
1st singular ngizoshona engizoshona ngizoshona angizushona engingezushona ngingezushona
2nd singular uzoshona ozoshona uzoshona awuzushona ongezushona ungezushona
1st plural sizoshona esizoshona sizoshona asizushona esingezushona singezushona
2nd plural nizoshona enizoshona nizoshona anizushona eningezushona ningezushona
class 1 uzoshona ozoshona ezoshona akazushona ongezushona engezushona
class 2 bazoshona abazoshona bezoshona abazushona abangezushona bengezushona
class 3 uzoshona ozoshona uzoshona awuzushona ongezushona ungezushona
class 4 izoshona ezoshona izoshona ayizushona engezushona ingezushona
class 5 lizoshona elizoshona lizoshona alizushona elingezushona lingezushona
class 6 azoshona azoshona ezoshona awazushona angezushona engezushona
class 7 sizoshona esizoshona sizoshona asizushona esingezushona singezushona
class 8 zizoshona ezizoshona zizoshona azizushona ezingezushona zingezushona
class 9 izoshona ezoshona izoshona ayizushona engezushona ingezushona
class 10 zizoshona ezizoshona zizoshona azizushona ezingezushona zingezushona
class 11 luzoshona oluzoshona luzoshona aluzushona olungezushona lungezushona
class 14 buzoshona obuzoshona buzoshona abuzushona obungezushona bungezushona
class 15 kuzoshona okuzoshona kuzoshona akuzushona okungezushona kungezushona
class 17 kuzoshona okuzoshona kuzoshona akuzushona okungezushona kungezushona
remote future
positive absolute positive relative positive participial negative absolute negative relative negative participial
1st singular ngiyoshona engiyoshona ngiyoshona angiyushona engingeyushona ngingeyushona
2nd singular uyoshona oyoshona uyoshona awuyushona ongeyushona ungeyushona
1st plural siyoshona esiyoshona siyoshona asiyushona esingeyushona singeyushona
2nd plural niyoshona eniyoshona niyoshona aniyushona eningeyushona ningeyushona
class 1 uyoshona oyoshona eyoshona akayushona ongeyushona engeyushona
class 2 bayoshona abayoshona beyoshona abayushona abangeyushona bengeyushona
class 3 uyoshona oyoshona uyoshona awuyushona ongeyushona ungeyushona
class 4 iyoshona eyoshona iyoshona ayiyushona engeyushona ingeyushona
class 5 liyoshona eliyoshona liyoshona aliyushona elingeyushona lingeyushona
class 6 ayoshona ayoshona eyoshona awayushona angeyushona engeyushona
class 7 siyoshona esiyoshona siyoshona asiyushona esingeyushona singeyushona
class 8 ziyoshona eziyoshona ziyoshona aziyushona ezingeyushona zingeyushona
class 9 iyoshona eyoshona iyoshona ayiyushona engeyushona ingeyushona
class 10 ziyoshona eziyoshona ziyoshona aziyushona ezingeyushona zingeyushona
class 11 luyoshona oluyoshona luyoshona aluyushona olungeyushona lungeyushona
class 14 buyoshona obuyoshona buyoshona abuyushona obungeyushona bungeyushona
class 15 kuyoshona okuyoshona kuyoshona akuyushona okungeyushona kungeyushona
class 17 kuyoshona okuyoshona kuyoshona akuyushona okungeyushona kungeyushona
present subjunctive
positive negative
1st singular ngishone ngingashoni
2nd singular ushone ungashoni
1st plural sishone singashoni
2nd plural nishone ningashoni
class 1 ashone angashoni
class 2 bashone bangashoni
class 3 ushone ungashoni
class 4 ishone ingashoni
class 5 lishone lingashoni
class 6 ashone angashoni
class 7 sishone singashoni
class 8 zishone zingashoni
class 9 ishone ingashoni
class 10 zishone zingashoni
class 11 lushone lungashoni
class 14 bushone bungashoni
class 15 kushone kungashoni
class 17 kushone kungashoni
past subjunctive
positive negative
1st singular ngashona ngangashona, angashona, angangashona
2nd singular washona wangashona, awashona, awangashona
1st plural sashona sangashona, asashona, asangashona
2nd plural nashona nangashona, anashona, anangashona
class 1 washona wangashona, akashona, akangashona
class 2 bashona bangashona, abashona, abangashona
class 3 washona wangashona, awashona, awangashona
class 4 yashona yangashona, ayashona, ayangashona
class 5 lashona langashona, alashona, alangashona
class 6 ashona angashona, awashona, awangashona
class 7 sashona sangashona, asashona, asangashona
class 8 zashona zangashona, azashona, azangashona
class 9 yashona yangashona, ayashona, ayangashona
class 10 zashona zangashona, azashona, azangashona
class 11 lwashona lwangashona, alwashona, alwangashona
class 14 bashona bangashona, abashona, abangashona
class 15 kwashona kwangashona, akwashona, akwangashona
class 17 kwashona kwangashona, akwashona, akwangashona

Derived terms

References

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