Swahili
Etymology
(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium. Particularly: “a causative from what?”)
Pronunciation
Verb
-sikitisha (infinitive kusikitisha)
- to sadden
Conjugation
| Conjugation of -sikitisha
|
| Positive present
|
-nasikitisha
|
| Subjunctive
|
-sikitishe
|
| Negative
|
-sikitishi
|
| Imperative singular
|
sikitisha
|
|
| Infinitives
|
|
|
| Imperatives
|
| Singular
|
sikitisha
|
| Plural
|
sikitisheni
|
|
| Tensed forms
|
| Habitual
|
husikitisha
|
| Positive past
|
positive subject concord + -lisikitisha
|
| Negative past
|
negative subject concord + -kusikitisha
|
|
| Positive present (positive subject concord + -nasikitisha)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
ninasikitisha/nasikitisha
|
tunasikitisha
|
| 2nd person
|
unasikitisha
|
mnasikitisha
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
anasikitisha
|
wanasikitisha
|
| other classes
|
positive subject concord + -nasikitisha
|
|
| Negative present (negative subject concord + -sikitishi)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
sisikitishi
|
hatusikitishi
|
| 2nd person
|
husikitishi
|
hamsikitishi
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
hasikitishi
|
hawasikitishi
|
| other classes
|
negative subject concord + -sikitishi
|
|
| Positive future
|
positive subject concord + -tasikitisha
|
| Negative future
|
negative subject concord + -tasikitisha
|
|
| Positive subjunctive (positive subject concord + -sikitishe)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
nisikitishe
|
tusikitishe
|
| 2nd person
|
usikitishe
|
msikitishe
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
asikitishe
|
wasikitishe
|
| other classes
|
positive subject concord + -sikitishe
|
|
| Negative subjunctive
|
positive subject concord + -sisikitishe
|
| Positive present conditional
|
positive subject concord + -ngesikitisha
|
| Negative present conditional
|
positive subject concord + -singesikitisha
|
| Positive past conditional
|
positive subject concord + -ngalisikitisha
|
| Negative past conditional
|
positive subject concord + -singalisikitisha
|
|
| Gnomic (positive subject concord + -asikitisha)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
nasikitisha
|
twasikitisha
|
| 2nd person
|
wasikitisha
|
mwasikitisha
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
asikitisha
|
wasikitisha
|
| m-mi(III/IV)
|
wasikitisha
|
yasikitisha
|
| ji-ma(V/VI)
|
lasikitisha
|
yasikitisha
|
| ki-vi(VII/VIII)
|
chasikitisha
|
vyasikitisha
|
| n(IX/X)
|
yasikitisha
|
zasikitisha
|
| u(XI)
|
wasikitisha
|
see n(X) or ma(VI) class
|
| ku(XV/XVII)
|
kwasikitisha
|
|
| pa(XVI)
|
pasikitisha
|
|
| mu(XVIII)
|
mwasikitisha
|
|
|
| Perfect
|
positive subject concord + -mesikitisha
|
| "Already"
|
positive subject concord + -meshasikitisha
|
| "Not yet"
|
negative subject concord + -jasikitisha
|
| "If/When"
|
positive subject concord + -kisikitisha
|
| "If not"
|
positive subject concord + -siposikitisha
|
| Consecutive
|
kasikitisha / positive subject concord + -kasikitisha
|
| Consecutive subjunctive
|
positive subject concord + -kasikitishe
|
|
| Object concord (indicative positive)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
-nisikitisha
|
-tusikitisha
|
| 2nd person
|
-kusikitisha
|
-wasikitisha/-kusikitisheni/-wasikitisheni
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
-msikitisha
|
-wasikitisha
|
| m-mi(III/IV)
|
-usikitisha
|
-isikitisha
|
| ji-ma(V/VI)
|
-lisikitisha
|
-yasikitisha
|
| ki-vi(VII/VIII)
|
-kisikitisha
|
-visikitisha
|
| n(IX/X)
|
-isikitisha
|
-zisikitisha
|
| u(XI)
|
-usikitisha
|
see n(X) or ma(VI) class
|
| ku(XV/XVII)
|
-kusikitisha
|
|
| pa(XVI)
|
-pasikitisha
|
|
| mu(XVIII)
|
-musikitisha
|
|
| Reflexive
|
-jisikitisha
|
|
| Relative forms
|
| General positive (positive subject concord + (object concord) + -sikitisha- + relative marker)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| m-wa(I/II)
|
-sikitishaye
|
-sikitishao
|
| m-mi(III/IV)
|
-sikitishao
|
-sikitishayo
|
| ji-ma(V/VI)
|
-sikitishalo
|
-sikitishayo
|
| ki-vi(VII/VIII)
|
-sikitishacho
|
-sikitishavyo
|
| n(IX/X)
|
-sikitishayo
|
-sikitishazo
|
| u(XI)
|
-sikitishao
|
see n(X) or ma(VI) class
|
| ku(XV/XVII)
|
-sikitishako
|
|
| pa(XVI)
|
-sikitishapo
|
|
| mu(XVIII)
|
-sikitishamo
|
|
|
| Other forms (subject concord + tense marker + relative marker + (object concord) + -sikitisha)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| m-wa(I/II)
|
-yesikitisha
|
-osikitisha
|
| m-mi(III/IV)
|
-osikitisha
|
-yosikitisha
|
| ji-ma(V/VI)
|
-losikitisha
|
-yosikitisha
|
| ki-vi(VII/VIII)
|
-chosikitisha
|
-vyosikitisha
|
| n(IX/X)
|
-yosikitisha
|
-zosikitisha
|
| u(XI)
|
-osikitisha
|
see n(X) or ma(VI) class
|
| ku(XV/XVII)
|
-kosikitisha
|
|
| pa(XVI)
|
-posikitisha
|
|
| mu(XVIII)
|
-mosikitisha
|
|
|
|
| Some forms not commonly seen in modern Standard Swahili are absent from the table. See Appendix:Swahili verbs for more information.
|
Derived terms