Swahili
Etymology
Probably from Arabic اِسْتَفْتَحَ (istaftaḥa, “to start”).
Pronunciation
Noun
staftahi class IX (plural staftahi class X)
- breakfast
- Synonyms: chakula cha asubuhi, (Tanzania) chai, (Tanzania) kifungua kinywa, (Kenya) kiamsha kinywa
Verb
-staftahi (infinitive kustaftahi)
- to breakfast
- Synonym: -sebeha
Conjugation
| Conjugation of -staftahi
|
| Positive present
|
-nastaftahi
|
| Subjunctive
|
-staftahi
|
| Negative
|
-staftahi
|
| Imperative singular
|
staftahi
|
|
| Infinitives
|
|
|
| Imperatives
|
| Singular
|
staftahi
|
| Plural
|
staftahini
|
|
| Tensed forms
|
| Habitual
|
hustaftahi
|
| Positive past
|
positive subject concord + -listaftahi
|
| Negative past
|
negative subject concord + -kustaftahi
|
|
| Positive present (positive subject concord + -nastaftahi)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
ninastaftahi/nastaftahi
|
tunastaftahi
|
| 2nd person
|
unastaftahi
|
mnastaftahi
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
anastaftahi
|
wanastaftahi
|
| other classes
|
positive subject concord + -nastaftahi
|
|
| Negative present (negative subject concord + -staftahi)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
sistaftahi
|
hatustaftahi
|
| 2nd person
|
hustaftahi
|
hamstaftahi
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
hastaftahi
|
hawastaftahi
|
| other classes
|
negative subject concord + -staftahi
|
|
| Positive future
|
positive subject concord + -tastaftahi
|
| Negative future
|
negative subject concord + -tastaftahi
|
|
| Positive subjunctive (positive subject concord + -staftahi)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
nistaftahi
|
tustaftahi
|
| 2nd person
|
ustaftahi
|
mstaftahi
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
astaftahi
|
wastaftahi
|
| other classes
|
positive subject concord + -staftahi
|
|
| Negative subjunctive
|
positive subject concord + -sistaftahi
|
| Positive present conditional
|
positive subject concord + -ngestaftahi
|
| Negative present conditional
|
positive subject concord + -singestaftahi
|
| Positive past conditional
|
positive subject concord + -ngalistaftahi
|
| Negative past conditional
|
positive subject concord + -singalistaftahi
|
|
| Gnomic (positive subject concord + -astaftahi)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
nastaftahi
|
twastaftahi
|
| 2nd person
|
wastaftahi
|
mwastaftahi
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
astaftahi
|
wastaftahi
|
| m-mi(III/IV)
|
wastaftahi
|
yastaftahi
|
| ji-ma(V/VI)
|
lastaftahi
|
yastaftahi
|
| ki-vi(VII/VIII)
|
chastaftahi
|
vyastaftahi
|
| n(IX/X)
|
yastaftahi
|
zastaftahi
|
| u(XI)
|
wastaftahi
|
see n(X) or ma(VI) class
|
| ku(XV/XVII)
|
kwastaftahi
|
|
| pa(XVI)
|
pastaftahi
|
|
| mu(XVIII)
|
mwastaftahi
|
|
|
| Perfect
|
positive subject concord + -mestaftahi
|
| "Already"
|
positive subject concord + -meshastaftahi
|
| "Not yet"
|
negative subject concord + -jastaftahi
|
| "If/When"
|
positive subject concord + -kistaftahi
|
| "If not"
|
positive subject concord + -sipostaftahi
|
| Consecutive
|
kastaftahi / positive subject concord + -kastaftahi
|
| Consecutive subjunctive
|
positive subject concord + -kastaftahi
|
|
| Object concord (indicative positive)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
-nistaftahi
|
-tustaftahi
|
| 2nd person
|
-kustaftahi
|
-wastaftahi/-kustaftahini/-wastaftahini
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
-mstaftahi
|
-wastaftahi
|
| m-mi(III/IV)
|
-ustaftahi
|
-istaftahi
|
| ji-ma(V/VI)
|
-listaftahi
|
-yastaftahi
|
| ki-vi(VII/VIII)
|
-kistaftahi
|
-vistaftahi
|
| n(IX/X)
|
-istaftahi
|
-zistaftahi
|
| u(XI)
|
-ustaftahi
|
see n(X) or ma(VI) class
|
| ku(XV/XVII)
|
-kustaftahi
|
|
| pa(XVI)
|
-pastaftahi
|
|
| mu(XVIII)
|
-mustaftahi
|
|
| Reflexive
|
-jistaftahi
|
|
| Relative forms
|
| General positive (positive subject concord + (object concord) + -staftahi- + relative marker)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| m-wa(I/II)
|
-staftahiye
|
-staftahio
|
| m-mi(III/IV)
|
-staftahio
|
-staftahiyo
|
| ji-ma(V/VI)
|
-staftahilo
|
-staftahiyo
|
| ki-vi(VII/VIII)
|
-staftahicho
|
-staftahivyo
|
| n(IX/X)
|
-staftahiyo
|
-staftahizo
|
| u(XI)
|
-staftahio
|
see n(X) or ma(VI) class
|
| ku(XV/XVII)
|
-staftahiko
|
|
| pa(XVI)
|
-staftahipo
|
|
| mu(XVIII)
|
-staftahimo
|
|
|
| Other forms (subject concord + tense marker + relative marker + (object concord) + -staftahi)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| m-wa(I/II)
|
-yestaftahi
|
-ostaftahi
|
| m-mi(III/IV)
|
-ostaftahi
|
-yostaftahi
|
| ji-ma(V/VI)
|
-lostaftahi
|
-yostaftahi
|
| ki-vi(VII/VIII)
|
-chostaftahi
|
-vyostaftahi
|
| n(IX/X)
|
-yostaftahi
|
-zostaftahi
|
| u(XI)
|
-ostaftahi
|
see n(X) or ma(VI) class
|
| ku(XV/XVII)
|
-kostaftahi
|
|
| pa(XVI)
|
-postaftahi
|
|
| mu(XVIII)
|
-mostaftahi
|
|
|
|
| Some forms not commonly seen in modern Standard Swahili are absent from the table. See Appendix:Swahili verbs for more information.
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