Swahili
Etymology
Borrowed from Arabic اِسْتِرَاحَة (istirāḥa).[1]
Pronunciation
Noun
starehe class IX (plural starehe class X)
- comfort, repose
Verb
-starehe (infinitive kustarehe)
- to rest, to be comfortable
Conjugation
| Conjugation of -starehe
|
| Positive present
|
-nastarehe
|
| Subjunctive
|
-starehe
|
| Negative
|
-starehe
|
| Imperative singular
|
starehe
|
|
| Infinitives
|
|
|
| Imperatives
|
| Singular
|
starehe
|
| Plural
|
stareheni
|
|
| Tensed forms
|
| Habitual
|
hustarehe
|
| Positive past
|
positive subject concord + -listarehe
|
| Negative past
|
negative subject concord + -kustarehe
|
|
| Positive present (positive subject concord + -nastarehe)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
ninastarehe/nastarehe
|
tunastarehe
|
| 2nd person
|
unastarehe
|
mnastarehe
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
anastarehe
|
wanastarehe
|
| other classes
|
positive subject concord + -nastarehe
|
|
| Negative present (negative subject concord + -starehe)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
sistarehe
|
hatustarehe
|
| 2nd person
|
hustarehe
|
hamstarehe
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
hastarehe
|
hawastarehe
|
| other classes
|
negative subject concord + -starehe
|
|
| Positive future
|
positive subject concord + -tastarehe
|
| Negative future
|
negative subject concord + -tastarehe
|
|
| Positive subjunctive (positive subject concord + -starehe)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
nistarehe
|
tustarehe
|
| 2nd person
|
ustarehe
|
mstarehe
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
astarehe
|
wastarehe
|
| other classes
|
positive subject concord + -starehe
|
|
| Negative subjunctive
|
positive subject concord + -sistarehe
|
| Positive present conditional
|
positive subject concord + -ngestarehe
|
| Negative present conditional
|
positive subject concord + -singestarehe
|
| Positive past conditional
|
positive subject concord + -ngalistarehe
|
| Negative past conditional
|
positive subject concord + -singalistarehe
|
|
| Gnomic (positive subject concord + -astarehe)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
nastarehe
|
twastarehe
|
| 2nd person
|
wastarehe
|
mwastarehe
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
astarehe
|
wastarehe
|
| m-mi(III/IV)
|
wastarehe
|
yastarehe
|
| ji-ma(V/VI)
|
lastarehe
|
yastarehe
|
| ki-vi(VII/VIII)
|
chastarehe
|
vyastarehe
|
| n(IX/X)
|
yastarehe
|
zastarehe
|
| u(XI)
|
wastarehe
|
see n(X) or ma(VI) class
|
| ku(XV/XVII)
|
kwastarehe
|
|
| pa(XVI)
|
pastarehe
|
|
| mu(XVIII)
|
mwastarehe
|
|
|
| Perfect
|
positive subject concord + -mestarehe
|
| "Already"
|
positive subject concord + -meshastarehe
|
| "Not yet"
|
negative subject concord + -jastarehe
|
| "If/When"
|
positive subject concord + -kistarehe
|
| "If not"
|
positive subject concord + -sipostarehe
|
| Consecutive
|
kastarehe / positive subject concord + -kastarehe
|
| Consecutive subjunctive
|
positive subject concord + -kastarehe
|
|
| Object concord (indicative positive)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
-nistarehe
|
-tustarehe
|
| 2nd person
|
-kustarehe
|
-wastarehe/-kustareheni/-wastareheni
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
-mstarehe
|
-wastarehe
|
| m-mi(III/IV)
|
-ustarehe
|
-istarehe
|
| ji-ma(V/VI)
|
-listarehe
|
-yastarehe
|
| ki-vi(VII/VIII)
|
-kistarehe
|
-vistarehe
|
| n(IX/X)
|
-istarehe
|
-zistarehe
|
| u(XI)
|
-ustarehe
|
see n(X) or ma(VI) class
|
| ku(XV/XVII)
|
-kustarehe
|
|
| pa(XVI)
|
-pastarehe
|
|
| mu(XVIII)
|
-mustarehe
|
|
| Reflexive
|
-jistarehe
|
|
| Relative forms
|
| General positive (positive subject concord + (object concord) + -starehe- + relative marker)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| m-wa(I/II)
|
-stareheye
|
-stareheo
|
| m-mi(III/IV)
|
-stareheo
|
-stareheyo
|
| ji-ma(V/VI)
|
-starehelo
|
-stareheyo
|
| ki-vi(VII/VIII)
|
-starehecho
|
-starehevyo
|
| n(IX/X)
|
-stareheyo
|
-starehezo
|
| u(XI)
|
-stareheo
|
see n(X) or ma(VI) class
|
| ku(XV/XVII)
|
-stareheko
|
|
| pa(XVI)
|
-starehepo
|
|
| mu(XVIII)
|
-starehemo
|
|
|
| Other forms (subject concord + tense marker + relative marker + (object concord) + -starehe)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| m-wa(I/II)
|
-yestarehe
|
-ostarehe
|
| m-mi(III/IV)
|
-ostarehe
|
-yostarehe
|
| ji-ma(V/VI)
|
-lostarehe
|
-yostarehe
|
| ki-vi(VII/VIII)
|
-chostarehe
|
-vyostarehe
|
| n(IX/X)
|
-yostarehe
|
-zostarehe
|
| u(XI)
|
-ostarehe
|
see n(X) or ma(VI) class
|
| ku(XV/XVII)
|
-kostarehe
|
|
| pa(XVI)
|
-postarehe
|
|
| mu(XVIII)
|
-mostarehe
|
|
|
|
| Some forms not commonly seen in modern Standard Swahili are absent from the table. See Appendix:Swahili verbs for more information.
|
References
- ^ Baldi, Sergio (30 November 2020) Dictionary of Arabic Loanwords in the Languages of Central and East Africa (Handbuch der Orientalistik; Erste Abteilung: Der Nahe und der Mittlere Osten; 145), Leiden • Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 127 Nr. 1137