Swahili
Etymology
From taabu (“hardship, distress, misery, trouble”) + -isha (causative affix).
Verb
-taabisha (infinitive kutaabisha)
- to cause misery or trouble
Conjugation
| Conjugation of -taabisha
|
| Positive present
|
-nataabisha
|
| Subjunctive
|
-taabishe
|
| Negative
|
-taabishi
|
| Imperative singular
|
taabisha
|
|
| Infinitives
|
|
|
| Imperatives
|
| Singular
|
taabisha
|
| Plural
|
taabisheni
|
|
| Tensed forms
|
| Habitual
|
hutaabisha
|
| Positive past
|
positive subject concord + -litaabisha
|
| Negative past
|
negative subject concord + -kutaabisha
|
|
| Positive present (positive subject concord + -nataabisha)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
ninataabisha/nataabisha
|
tunataabisha
|
| 2nd person
|
unataabisha
|
mnataabisha
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
anataabisha
|
wanataabisha
|
| other classes
|
positive subject concord + -nataabisha
|
|
| Negative present (negative subject concord + -taabishi)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
sitaabishi
|
hatutaabishi
|
| 2nd person
|
hutaabishi
|
hamtaabishi
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
hataabishi
|
hawataabishi
|
| other classes
|
negative subject concord + -taabishi
|
|
| Positive future
|
positive subject concord + -tataabisha
|
| Negative future
|
negative subject concord + -tataabisha
|
|
| Positive subjunctive (positive subject concord + -taabishe)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
nitaabishe
|
tutaabishe
|
| 2nd person
|
utaabishe
|
mtaabishe
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
ataabishe
|
wataabishe
|
| other classes
|
positive subject concord + -taabishe
|
|
| Negative subjunctive
|
positive subject concord + -sitaabishe
|
| Positive present conditional
|
positive subject concord + -ngetaabisha
|
| Negative present conditional
|
positive subject concord + -singetaabisha
|
| Positive past conditional
|
positive subject concord + -ngalitaabisha
|
| Negative past conditional
|
positive subject concord + -singalitaabisha
|
|
| Gnomic (positive subject concord + -ataabisha)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
nataabisha
|
twataabisha
|
| 2nd person
|
wataabisha
|
mwataabisha
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
ataabisha
|
wataabisha
|
| m-mi(III/IV)
|
wataabisha
|
yataabisha
|
| ji-ma(V/VI)
|
lataabisha
|
yataabisha
|
| ki-vi(VII/VIII)
|
chataabisha
|
vyataabisha
|
| n(IX/X)
|
yataabisha
|
zataabisha
|
| u(XI)
|
wataabisha
|
see n(X) or ma(VI) class
|
| ku(XV/XVII)
|
kwataabisha
|
|
| pa(XVI)
|
pataabisha
|
|
| mu(XVIII)
|
mwataabisha
|
|
|
| Perfect
|
positive subject concord + -metaabisha
|
| "Already"
|
positive subject concord + -meshataabisha
|
| "Not yet"
|
negative subject concord + -jataabisha
|
| "If/When"
|
positive subject concord + -kitaabisha
|
| "If not"
|
positive subject concord + -sipotaabisha
|
| Consecutive
|
kataabisha / positive subject concord + -kataabisha
|
| Consecutive subjunctive
|
positive subject concord + -kataabishe
|
|
| Object concord (indicative positive)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
-nitaabisha
|
-tutaabisha
|
| 2nd person
|
-kutaabisha
|
-wataabisha/-kutaabisheni/-wataabisheni
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
-mtaabisha
|
-wataabisha
|
| m-mi(III/IV)
|
-utaabisha
|
-itaabisha
|
| ji-ma(V/VI)
|
-litaabisha
|
-yataabisha
|
| ki-vi(VII/VIII)
|
-kitaabisha
|
-vitaabisha
|
| n(IX/X)
|
-itaabisha
|
-zitaabisha
|
| u(XI)
|
-utaabisha
|
see n(X) or ma(VI) class
|
| ku(XV/XVII)
|
-kutaabisha
|
|
| pa(XVI)
|
-pataabisha
|
|
| mu(XVIII)
|
-mutaabisha
|
|
| Reflexive
|
-jitaabisha
|
|
| Relative forms
|
| General positive (positive subject concord + (object concord) + -taabisha- + relative marker)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| m-wa(I/II)
|
-taabishaye
|
-taabishao
|
| m-mi(III/IV)
|
-taabishao
|
-taabishayo
|
| ji-ma(V/VI)
|
-taabishalo
|
-taabishayo
|
| ki-vi(VII/VIII)
|
-taabishacho
|
-taabishavyo
|
| n(IX/X)
|
-taabishayo
|
-taabishazo
|
| u(XI)
|
-taabishao
|
see n(X) or ma(VI) class
|
| ku(XV/XVII)
|
-taabishako
|
|
| pa(XVI)
|
-taabishapo
|
|
| mu(XVIII)
|
-taabishamo
|
|
|
| Other forms (subject concord + tense marker + relative marker + (object concord) + -taabisha)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| m-wa(I/II)
|
-yetaabisha
|
-otaabisha
|
| m-mi(III/IV)
|
-otaabisha
|
-yotaabisha
|
| ji-ma(V/VI)
|
-lotaabisha
|
-yotaabisha
|
| ki-vi(VII/VIII)
|
-chotaabisha
|
-vyotaabisha
|
| n(IX/X)
|
-yotaabisha
|
-zotaabisha
|
| u(XI)
|
-otaabisha
|
see n(X) or ma(VI) class
|
| ku(XV/XVII)
|
-kotaabisha
|
|
| pa(XVI)
|
-potaabisha
|
|
| mu(XVIII)
|
-motaabisha
|
|
|
|
| Some forms not commonly seen in modern Standard Swahili are absent from the table. See Appendix:Swahili verbs for more information.
|
Derived terms