Swahili
Etymology
From tofauti + -isha (causative affix).
Pronunciation
Verb
-tofautisha (infinitive kutofautisha)
- to compare
- to distinguish, differentiate
Conjugation
| Conjugation of -tofautisha
|
| Positive present
|
-natofautisha
|
| Subjunctive
|
-tofautishe
|
| Negative
|
-tofautishi
|
| Imperative singular
|
tofautisha
|
|
| Infinitives
|
|
|
| Imperatives
|
| Singular
|
tofautisha
|
| Plural
|
tofautisheni
|
|
| Tensed forms
|
| Habitual
|
hutofautisha
|
| Positive past
|
positive subject concord + -litofautisha
|
| Negative past
|
negative subject concord + -kutofautisha
|
|
| Positive present (positive subject concord + -natofautisha)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
ninatofautisha/natofautisha
|
tunatofautisha
|
| 2nd person
|
unatofautisha
|
mnatofautisha
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
anatofautisha
|
wanatofautisha
|
| other classes
|
positive subject concord + -natofautisha
|
|
| Negative present (negative subject concord + -tofautishi)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
sitofautishi
|
hatutofautishi
|
| 2nd person
|
hutofautishi
|
hamtofautishi
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
hatofautishi
|
hawatofautishi
|
| other classes
|
negative subject concord + -tofautishi
|
|
| Positive future
|
positive subject concord + -tatofautisha
|
| Negative future
|
negative subject concord + -tatofautisha
|
|
| Positive subjunctive (positive subject concord + -tofautishe)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
nitofautishe
|
tutofautishe
|
| 2nd person
|
utofautishe
|
mtofautishe
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
atofautishe
|
watofautishe
|
| other classes
|
positive subject concord + -tofautishe
|
|
| Negative subjunctive
|
positive subject concord + -sitofautishe
|
| Positive present conditional
|
positive subject concord + -ngetofautisha
|
| Negative present conditional
|
positive subject concord + -singetofautisha
|
| Positive past conditional
|
positive subject concord + -ngalitofautisha
|
| Negative past conditional
|
positive subject concord + -singalitofautisha
|
|
| Gnomic (positive subject concord + -atofautisha)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
natofautisha
|
twatofautisha
|
| 2nd person
|
watofautisha
|
mwatofautisha
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
atofautisha
|
watofautisha
|
| m-mi(III/IV)
|
watofautisha
|
yatofautisha
|
| ji-ma(V/VI)
|
latofautisha
|
yatofautisha
|
| ki-vi(VII/VIII)
|
chatofautisha
|
vyatofautisha
|
| n(IX/X)
|
yatofautisha
|
zatofautisha
|
| u(XI)
|
watofautisha
|
see n(X) or ma(VI) class
|
| ku(XV/XVII)
|
kwatofautisha
|
|
| pa(XVI)
|
patofautisha
|
|
| mu(XVIII)
|
mwatofautisha
|
|
|
| Perfect
|
positive subject concord + -metofautisha
|
| "Already"
|
positive subject concord + -meshatofautisha
|
| "Not yet"
|
negative subject concord + -jatofautisha
|
| "If/When"
|
positive subject concord + -kitofautisha
|
| "If not"
|
positive subject concord + -sipotofautisha
|
| Consecutive
|
katofautisha / positive subject concord + -katofautisha
|
| Consecutive subjunctive
|
positive subject concord + -katofautishe
|
|
| Object concord (indicative positive)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
-nitofautisha
|
-tutofautisha
|
| 2nd person
|
-kutofautisha
|
-watofautisha/-kutofautisheni/-watofautisheni
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
-mtofautisha
|
-watofautisha
|
| m-mi(III/IV)
|
-utofautisha
|
-itofautisha
|
| ji-ma(V/VI)
|
-litofautisha
|
-yatofautisha
|
| ki-vi(VII/VIII)
|
-kitofautisha
|
-vitofautisha
|
| n(IX/X)
|
-itofautisha
|
-zitofautisha
|
| u(XI)
|
-utofautisha
|
see n(X) or ma(VI) class
|
| ku(XV/XVII)
|
-kutofautisha
|
|
| pa(XVI)
|
-patofautisha
|
|
| mu(XVIII)
|
-mutofautisha
|
|
| Reflexive
|
-jitofautisha
|
|
| Relative forms
|
| General positive (positive subject concord + (object concord) + -tofautisha- + relative marker)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| m-wa(I/II)
|
-tofautishaye
|
-tofautishao
|
| m-mi(III/IV)
|
-tofautishao
|
-tofautishayo
|
| ji-ma(V/VI)
|
-tofautishalo
|
-tofautishayo
|
| ki-vi(VII/VIII)
|
-tofautishacho
|
-tofautishavyo
|
| n(IX/X)
|
-tofautishayo
|
-tofautishazo
|
| u(XI)
|
-tofautishao
|
see n(X) or ma(VI) class
|
| ku(XV/XVII)
|
-tofautishako
|
|
| pa(XVI)
|
-tofautishapo
|
|
| mu(XVIII)
|
-tofautishamo
|
|
|
| Other forms (subject concord + tense marker + relative marker + (object concord) + -tofautisha)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| m-wa(I/II)
|
-yetofautisha
|
-otofautisha
|
| m-mi(III/IV)
|
-otofautisha
|
-yotofautisha
|
| ji-ma(V/VI)
|
-lotofautisha
|
-yotofautisha
|
| ki-vi(VII/VIII)
|
-chotofautisha
|
-vyotofautisha
|
| n(IX/X)
|
-yotofautisha
|
-zotofautisha
|
| u(XI)
|
-otofautisha
|
see n(X) or ma(VI) class
|
| ku(XV/XVII)
|
-kotofautisha
|
|
| pa(XVI)
|
-potofautisha
|
|
| mu(XVIII)
|
-motofautisha
|
|
|
|
| Some forms not commonly seen in modern Standard Swahili are absent from the table. See Appendix:Swahili verbs for more information.
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