Swahili
Pronunciation
Verb
-tosha (infinitive kutosha)
- to suffice, to be adequate, to be enough
Conjugation
| Conjugation of -tosha
|
| Positive present
|
-natosha
|
| Subjunctive
|
-toshe
|
| Negative
|
-toshi
|
| Imperative singular
|
tosha
|
|
| Infinitives
|
| Positive
|
kutosha
|
| Negative
|
kutotosha
|
|
| Imperatives
|
| Singular
|
tosha
|
| Plural
|
tosheni
|
|
| Tensed forms
|
| Habitual
|
hutosha
|
| Positive past
|
positive subject concord + -litosha
|
| Negative past
|
negative subject concord + -kutosha
|
|
| Positive present (positive subject concord + -natosha)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
ninatosha/natosha
|
tunatosha
|
| 2nd person
|
unatosha
|
mnatosha
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
anatosha
|
wanatosha
|
| other classes
|
positive subject concord + -natosha
|
|
| Negative present (negative subject concord + -toshi)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
sitoshi
|
hatutoshi
|
| 2nd person
|
hutoshi
|
hamtoshi
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
hatoshi
|
hawatoshi
|
| other classes
|
negative subject concord + -toshi
|
|
| Positive future
|
positive subject concord + -tatosha
|
| Negative future
|
negative subject concord + -tatosha
|
|
| Positive subjunctive (positive subject concord + -toshe)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
nitoshe
|
tutoshe
|
| 2nd person
|
utoshe
|
mtoshe
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
atoshe
|
watoshe
|
| other classes
|
positive subject concord + -toshe
|
|
| Negative subjunctive
|
positive subject concord + -sitoshe
|
| Positive present conditional
|
positive subject concord + -ngetosha
|
| Negative present conditional
|
positive subject concord + -singetosha
|
| Positive past conditional
|
positive subject concord + -ngalitosha
|
| Negative past conditional
|
positive subject concord + -singalitosha
|
|
| Gnomic (positive subject concord + -atosha)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
natosha
|
twatosha
|
| 2nd person
|
watosha
|
mwatosha
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
atosha
|
watosha
|
| m-mi(III/IV)
|
watosha
|
yatosha
|
| ji-ma(V/VI)
|
latosha
|
yatosha
|
| ki-vi(VII/VIII)
|
chatosha
|
vyatosha
|
| n(IX/X)
|
yatosha
|
zatosha
|
| u(XI)
|
watosha
|
see n(X) or ma(VI) class
|
| ku(XV/XVII)
|
kwatosha
|
|
| pa(XVI)
|
patosha
|
|
| mu(XVIII)
|
mwatosha
|
|
|
| Perfect
|
positive subject concord + -metosha
|
| "Already"
|
positive subject concord + -meshatosha
|
| "Not yet"
|
negative subject concord + -jatosha
|
| "If/When"
|
positive subject concord + -kitosha
|
| "If not"
|
positive subject concord + -sipotosha
|
| Consecutive
|
katosha / positive subject concord + -katosha
|
| Consecutive subjunctive
|
positive subject concord + -katoshe
|
|
| Object concord (indicative positive)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
-nitosha
|
-tutosha
|
| 2nd person
|
-kutosha
|
-watosha/-kutosheni/-watosheni
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
-mtosha
|
-watosha
|
| m-mi(III/IV)
|
-utosha
|
-itosha
|
| ji-ma(V/VI)
|
-litosha
|
-yatosha
|
| ki-vi(VII/VIII)
|
-kitosha
|
-vitosha
|
| n(IX/X)
|
-itosha
|
-zitosha
|
| u(XI)
|
-utosha
|
see n(X) or ma(VI) class
|
| ku(XV/XVII)
|
-kutosha
|
|
| pa(XVI)
|
-patosha
|
|
| mu(XVIII)
|
-mutosha
|
|
| Reflexive
|
-jitosha
|
|
| Relative forms
|
| General positive (positive subject concord + (object concord) + -tosha- + relative marker)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| m-wa(I/II)
|
-toshaye
|
-toshao
|
| m-mi(III/IV)
|
-toshao
|
-toshayo
|
| ji-ma(V/VI)
|
-toshalo
|
-toshayo
|
| ki-vi(VII/VIII)
|
-toshacho
|
-toshavyo
|
| n(IX/X)
|
-toshayo
|
-toshazo
|
| u(XI)
|
-toshao
|
see n(X) or ma(VI) class
|
| ku(XV/XVII)
|
-toshako
|
|
| pa(XVI)
|
-toshapo
|
|
| mu(XVIII)
|
-toshamo
|
|
|
| Other forms (subject concord + tense marker + relative marker + (object concord) + -tosha)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| m-wa(I/II)
|
-yetosha
|
-otosha
|
| m-mi(III/IV)
|
-otosha
|
-yotosha
|
| ji-ma(V/VI)
|
-lotosha
|
-yotosha
|
| ki-vi(VII/VIII)
|
-chotosha
|
-vyotosha
|
| n(IX/X)
|
-yotosha
|
-zotosha
|
| u(XI)
|
-otosha
|
see n(X) or ma(VI) class
|
| ku(XV/XVII)
|
-kotosha
|
|
| pa(XVI)
|
-potosha
|
|
| mu(XVIII)
|
-motosha
|
|
|
|
| Some forms not commonly seen in modern Standard Swahili are absent from the table. See Appendix:Swahili verbs for more information.
|
Derived terms
- Verbal derivations:
- Applicative: -toshea
- Passive: -toshwa
- Reciprocal: -toshana
- Stative: -tosheka