Estonian
Noun
tukana
- essive singular of tukk
Nheengatu
Etymology
Brazilian Portuguese tucanoinflu. Nheengatu tukana
Inherited from Old Tupi tukana, from Proto-Tupi-Guarani *tũkãn, from Proto-Tupian *jɨokãn. The broader use, including other toucan species and the Tucano people, is a semantic loan from Brazilian Portuguese tucano. Doublet of tukanu.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /tuˈka.na/, [tuˈkã.nɐ]
- Rhymes: -ana
- Hyphenation: tu‧ka‧na
Adjective
tukana
- (relational) Tucano
Noun
tukana (plural tukana-itá)
- toucan (any bird from the family Ramphastidae)
- Tucano people
- (uncountable) Tucano language
Derived terms
- tukana-arasarí
- tukana-buya
- tukana-ira
- tukana-iwakawa
- tukana-makaxera
- tukana-maniiwa
References
- Marcel Twardowsky Avila (2021) “tukana”, in Proposta de dicionário nheengatu-português [Nheengatu–Portuguese dictionary proposal] (in Portuguese), São Paulo: USP, →DOI, page 765
Old Tupi
Etymology
Derived from Proto-Tupi-Guarani *tũkãn, from Proto-Tupian *jɨokãn.
Cognate with Kamayurá tukan, Mbyá Guaraní and Wayampi tukã.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [tuˈkã.na]
- Rhymes: -ãna
- Hyphenation: tu‧ka‧na
Noun
tukana (unpossessable)
- toco toucan (Ramphastos toco)
- Synonym: tukanusu
Descendants
- Nheengatu: tukana
- → French: toucan m (see there for further descendants)
- → New Latin: tucana, Tucana
- → Portuguese: tucano m (see there for further descendants)
References
- Jean de Léry (1578) chapter XI, in Histoire d'un voyage fait en la terre du Bresil, autrement dite Amerique [History of a voyage to the land of Brazil, also called America] (overall work in Middle French), La Rochelle: Antoine Chuppin, page 175: “Toucan [Tukan[a]]”
- Claude d'Abbeville (1614) chapter XXXIX, in Hiſtoire de la Miſsion des Peres Capucins en L'Iſle de Maragnan et terres circonuoiſines [History of the Mission of the Capuchin Fathers in the Island of Maranhão and surrounding lands] (overall work in French), Paris: Imprimerie de François Huby, page 237v: “Toucan [Tukan[a]]”
- Georg Marcgrave, Willem Piso (1648) Historia Naturalis Brasiliae [Brazilian Natural History], Rerum Naturalium Historiae, book V, chapter XV (overall work in Latin), Amsterdam: Elzevir, page 217: “Tvcana [Tukana]”
- Eduardo de Almeida Navarro (2013) “tukana”, in Dicionário de tupi antigo: a língua indígena clássica do Brasil [Dictionary of Old Tupi: The Classical Indigenous Language of Brazil] (overall work in Portuguese), São Paulo: Global, →ISBN, page 481, column 2
- Nelson Papavero, Dante Martins Teixeira (2014) Zoonímia tupi nos escritos quinhentistas europeus [Tupi zoonymy in the 16th-century European writings] (Arquivos NEHiLP; 3) (in Portuguese), São Paulo: FFLCH-USP, →DOI, →ISBN, →ISSN, page 266
Swahili
Etymology
From Proto-Bantu [Term?].
Pronunciation
Verb
-tukana (infinitive kutukana)
- to abuse, insult
Conjugation
| Conjugation of -tukana
|
| Positive present
|
-natukana
|
| Subjunctive
|
-tukane
|
| Negative
|
-tukani
|
| Imperative singular
|
tukana
|
|
| Infinitives
|
|
|
| Imperatives
|
| Singular
|
tukana
|
| Plural
|
tukaneni
|
|
| Tensed forms
|
| Habitual
|
hutukana
|
| Positive past
|
positive subject concord + -litukana
|
| Negative past
|
negative subject concord + -kutukana
|
|
| Positive present (positive subject concord + -natukana)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
ninatukana/natukana
|
tunatukana
|
| 2nd person
|
unatukana
|
mnatukana
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
anatukana
|
wanatukana
|
| other classes
|
positive subject concord + -natukana
|
|
| Negative present (negative subject concord + -tukani)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
situkani
|
hatutukani
|
| 2nd person
|
hutukani
|
hamtukani
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
hatukani
|
hawatukani
|
| other classes
|
negative subject concord + -tukani
|
|
| Positive future
|
positive subject concord + -tatukana
|
| Negative future
|
negative subject concord + -tatukana
|
|
| Positive subjunctive (positive subject concord + -tukane)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
nitukane
|
tutukane
|
| 2nd person
|
utukane
|
mtukane
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
atukane
|
watukane
|
| other classes
|
positive subject concord + -tukane
|
|
| Negative subjunctive
|
positive subject concord + -situkane
|
| Positive present conditional
|
positive subject concord + -ngetukana
|
| Negative present conditional
|
positive subject concord + -singetukana
|
| Positive past conditional
|
positive subject concord + -ngalitukana
|
| Negative past conditional
|
positive subject concord + -singalitukana
|
|
| Gnomic (positive subject concord + -atukana)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
natukana
|
twatukana
|
| 2nd person
|
watukana
|
mwatukana
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
atukana
|
watukana
|
| m-mi(III/IV)
|
watukana
|
yatukana
|
| ji-ma(V/VI)
|
latukana
|
yatukana
|
| ki-vi(VII/VIII)
|
chatukana
|
vyatukana
|
| n(IX/X)
|
yatukana
|
zatukana
|
| u(XI)
|
watukana
|
see n(X) or ma(VI) class
|
| ku(XV/XVII)
|
kwatukana
|
|
| pa(XVI)
|
patukana
|
|
| mu(XVIII)
|
mwatukana
|
|
|
| Perfect
|
positive subject concord + -metukana
|
| "Already"
|
positive subject concord + -meshatukana
|
| "Not yet"
|
negative subject concord + -jatukana
|
| "If/When"
|
positive subject concord + -kitukana
|
| "If not"
|
positive subject concord + -sipotukana
|
| Consecutive
|
katukana / positive subject concord + -katukana
|
| Consecutive subjunctive
|
positive subject concord + -katukane
|
|
| Object concord (indicative positive)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
-nitukana
|
-tutukana
|
| 2nd person
|
-kutukana
|
-watukana/-kutukaneni/-watukaneni
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
-mtukana
|
-watukana
|
| m-mi(III/IV)
|
-utukana
|
-itukana
|
| ji-ma(V/VI)
|
-litukana
|
-yatukana
|
| ki-vi(VII/VIII)
|
-kitukana
|
-vitukana
|
| n(IX/X)
|
-itukana
|
-zitukana
|
| u(XI)
|
-utukana
|
see n(X) or ma(VI) class
|
| ku(XV/XVII)
|
-kutukana
|
|
| pa(XVI)
|
-patukana
|
|
| mu(XVIII)
|
-mutukana
|
|
| Reflexive
|
-jitukana
|
|
| Relative forms
|
| General positive (positive subject concord + (object concord) + -tukana- + relative marker)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| m-wa(I/II)
|
-tukanaye
|
-tukanao
|
| m-mi(III/IV)
|
-tukanao
|
-tukanayo
|
| ji-ma(V/VI)
|
-tukanalo
|
-tukanayo
|
| ki-vi(VII/VIII)
|
-tukanacho
|
-tukanavyo
|
| n(IX/X)
|
-tukanayo
|
-tukanazo
|
| u(XI)
|
-tukanao
|
see n(X) or ma(VI) class
|
| ku(XV/XVII)
|
-tukanako
|
|
| pa(XVI)
|
-tukanapo
|
|
| mu(XVIII)
|
-tukanamo
|
|
|
| Other forms (subject concord + tense marker + relative marker + (object concord) + -tukana)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| m-wa(I/II)
|
-yetukana
|
-otukana
|
| m-mi(III/IV)
|
-otukana
|
-yotukana
|
| ji-ma(V/VI)
|
-lotukana
|
-yotukana
|
| ki-vi(VII/VIII)
|
-chotukana
|
-vyotukana
|
| n(IX/X)
|
-yotukana
|
-zotukana
|
| u(XI)
|
-otukana
|
see n(X) or ma(VI) class
|
| ku(XV/XVII)
|
-kotukana
|
|
| pa(XVI)
|
-potukana
|
|
| mu(XVIII)
|
-motukana
|
|
|
|
| Some forms not commonly seen in modern Standard Swahili are absent from the table. See Appendix:Swahili verbs for more information.
|
Derived terms