Swahili
Etymology
From Proto-Bantu [Term?].
Pronunciation
Verb
-vuja (infinitive kuvuja)
- to leak, to ooze out
Conjugation
| Conjugation of -vuja
|
| Positive present
|
-navuja
|
| Subjunctive
|
-vuje
|
| Negative
|
-vuji
|
| Imperative singular
|
vuja
|
|
| Infinitives
|
| Positive
|
kuvuja
|
| Negative
|
kutovuja
|
|
| Imperatives
|
| Singular
|
vuja
|
| Plural
|
vujeni
|
|
| Tensed forms
|
| Habitual
|
huvuja
|
| Positive past
|
positive subject concord + -livuja
|
| Negative past
|
negative subject concord + -kuvuja
|
|
| Positive present (positive subject concord + -navuja)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
ninavuja/navuja
|
tunavuja
|
| 2nd person
|
unavuja
|
mnavuja
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
anavuja
|
wanavuja
|
| other classes
|
positive subject concord + -navuja
|
|
| Negative present (negative subject concord + -vuji)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
sivuji
|
hatuvuji
|
| 2nd person
|
huvuji
|
hamvuji
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
havuji
|
hawavuji
|
| other classes
|
negative subject concord + -vuji
|
|
| Positive future
|
positive subject concord + -tavuja
|
| Negative future
|
negative subject concord + -tavuja
|
|
| Positive subjunctive (positive subject concord + -vuje)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
nivuje
|
tuvuje
|
| 2nd person
|
uvuje
|
mvuje
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
avuje
|
wavuje
|
| other classes
|
positive subject concord + -vuje
|
|
| Negative subjunctive
|
positive subject concord + -sivuje
|
| Positive present conditional
|
positive subject concord + -ngevuja
|
| Negative present conditional
|
positive subject concord + -singevuja
|
| Positive past conditional
|
positive subject concord + -ngalivuja
|
| Negative past conditional
|
positive subject concord + -singalivuja
|
|
| Gnomic (positive subject concord + -avuja)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
navuja
|
twavuja
|
| 2nd person
|
wavuja
|
mwavuja
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
avuja
|
wavuja
|
| m-mi(III/IV)
|
wavuja
|
yavuja
|
| ji-ma(V/VI)
|
lavuja
|
yavuja
|
| ki-vi(VII/VIII)
|
chavuja
|
vyavuja
|
| n(IX/X)
|
yavuja
|
zavuja
|
| u(XI)
|
wavuja
|
see n(X) or ma(VI) class
|
| ku(XV/XVII)
|
kwavuja
|
|
| pa(XVI)
|
pavuja
|
|
| mu(XVIII)
|
mwavuja
|
|
|
| Perfect
|
positive subject concord + -mevuja
|
| "Already"
|
positive subject concord + -meshavuja
|
| "Not yet"
|
negative subject concord + -javuja
|
| "If/When"
|
positive subject concord + -kivuja
|
| "If not"
|
positive subject concord + -sipovuja
|
| Consecutive
|
kavuja / positive subject concord + -kavuja
|
| Consecutive subjunctive
|
positive subject concord + -kavuje
|
|
| Object concord (indicative positive)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
-nivuja
|
-tuvuja
|
| 2nd person
|
-kuvuja
|
-wavuja/-kuvujeni/-wavujeni
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
-mvuja
|
-wavuja
|
| m-mi(III/IV)
|
-uvuja
|
-ivuja
|
| ji-ma(V/VI)
|
-livuja
|
-yavuja
|
| ki-vi(VII/VIII)
|
-kivuja
|
-vivuja
|
| n(IX/X)
|
-ivuja
|
-zivuja
|
| u(XI)
|
-uvuja
|
see n(X) or ma(VI) class
|
| ku(XV/XVII)
|
-kuvuja
|
|
| pa(XVI)
|
-pavuja
|
|
| mu(XVIII)
|
-muvuja
|
|
| Reflexive
|
-jivuja
|
|
| Relative forms
|
| General positive (positive subject concord + (object concord) + -vuja- + relative marker)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| m-wa(I/II)
|
-vujaye
|
-vujao
|
| m-mi(III/IV)
|
-vujao
|
-vujayo
|
| ji-ma(V/VI)
|
-vujalo
|
-vujayo
|
| ki-vi(VII/VIII)
|
-vujacho
|
-vujavyo
|
| n(IX/X)
|
-vujayo
|
-vujazo
|
| u(XI)
|
-vujao
|
see n(X) or ma(VI) class
|
| ku(XV/XVII)
|
-vujako
|
|
| pa(XVI)
|
-vujapo
|
|
| mu(XVIII)
|
-vujamo
|
|
|
| Other forms (subject concord + tense marker + relative marker + (object concord) + -vuja)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| m-wa(I/II)
|
-yevuja
|
-ovuja
|
| m-mi(III/IV)
|
-ovuja
|
-yovuja
|
| ji-ma(V/VI)
|
-lovuja
|
-yovuja
|
| ki-vi(VII/VIII)
|
-chovuja
|
-vyovuja
|
| n(IX/X)
|
-yovuja
|
-zovuja
|
| u(XI)
|
-ovuja
|
see n(X) or ma(VI) class
|
| ku(XV/XVII)
|
-kovuja
|
|
| pa(XVI)
|
-povuja
|
|
| mu(XVIII)
|
-movuja
|
|
|
|
| Some forms not commonly seen in modern Standard Swahili are absent from the table. See Appendix:Swahili verbs for more information.
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