Esperanto
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈvunda/
- Hyphenation: vun‧da
Adjective
vunda (accusative singular vundan, plural vundaj, accusative plural vundajn)
- injurious
Swahili
Pronunciation
Verb
-vunda (infinitive kuvunda)
- to rot
Conjugation
| Conjugation of -vunda
|
| Positive present
|
-navunda
|
| Subjunctive
|
-vunde
|
| Negative
|
-vundi
|
| Imperative singular
|
vunda
|
|
| Infinitives
|
| Positive
|
kuvunda
|
| Negative
|
kutovunda
|
|
| Imperatives
|
| Singular
|
vunda
|
| Plural
|
vundeni
|
|
| Tensed forms
|
| Habitual
|
huvunda
|
| Positive past
|
positive subject concord + -livunda
|
| Negative past
|
negative subject concord + -kuvunda
|
|
| Positive present (positive subject concord + -navunda)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
ninavunda/navunda
|
tunavunda
|
| 2nd person
|
unavunda
|
mnavunda
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
anavunda
|
wanavunda
|
| other classes
|
positive subject concord + -navunda
|
|
| Negative present (negative subject concord + -vundi)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
sivundi
|
hatuvundi
|
| 2nd person
|
huvundi
|
hamvundi
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
havundi
|
hawavundi
|
| other classes
|
negative subject concord + -vundi
|
|
| Positive future
|
positive subject concord + -tavunda
|
| Negative future
|
negative subject concord + -tavunda
|
|
| Positive subjunctive (positive subject concord + -vunde)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
nivunde
|
tuvunde
|
| 2nd person
|
uvunde
|
mvunde
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
avunde
|
wavunde
|
| other classes
|
positive subject concord + -vunde
|
|
| Negative subjunctive
|
positive subject concord + -sivunde
|
| Positive present conditional
|
positive subject concord + -ngevunda
|
| Negative present conditional
|
positive subject concord + -singevunda
|
| Positive past conditional
|
positive subject concord + -ngalivunda
|
| Negative past conditional
|
positive subject concord + -singalivunda
|
|
| Gnomic (positive subject concord + -avunda)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
navunda
|
twavunda
|
| 2nd person
|
wavunda
|
mwavunda
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
avunda
|
wavunda
|
| m-mi(III/IV)
|
wavunda
|
yavunda
|
| ji-ma(V/VI)
|
lavunda
|
yavunda
|
| ki-vi(VII/VIII)
|
chavunda
|
vyavunda
|
| n(IX/X)
|
yavunda
|
zavunda
|
| u(XI)
|
wavunda
|
see n(X) or ma(VI) class
|
| ku(XV/XVII)
|
kwavunda
|
|
| pa(XVI)
|
pavunda
|
|
| mu(XVIII)
|
mwavunda
|
|
|
| Perfect
|
positive subject concord + -mevunda
|
| "Already"
|
positive subject concord + -meshavunda
|
| "Not yet"
|
negative subject concord + -javunda
|
| "If/When"
|
positive subject concord + -kivunda
|
| "If not"
|
positive subject concord + -sipovunda
|
| Consecutive
|
kavunda / positive subject concord + -kavunda
|
| Consecutive subjunctive
|
positive subject concord + -kavunde
|
|
| Object concord (indicative positive)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
-nivunda
|
-tuvunda
|
| 2nd person
|
-kuvunda
|
-wavunda/-kuvundeni/-wavundeni
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
-mvunda
|
-wavunda
|
| m-mi(III/IV)
|
-uvunda
|
-ivunda
|
| ji-ma(V/VI)
|
-livunda
|
-yavunda
|
| ki-vi(VII/VIII)
|
-kivunda
|
-vivunda
|
| n(IX/X)
|
-ivunda
|
-zivunda
|
| u(XI)
|
-uvunda
|
see n(X) or ma(VI) class
|
| ku(XV/XVII)
|
-kuvunda
|
|
| pa(XVI)
|
-pavunda
|
|
| mu(XVIII)
|
-muvunda
|
|
| Reflexive
|
-jivunda
|
|
| Relative forms
|
| General positive (positive subject concord + (object concord) + -vunda- + relative marker)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| m-wa(I/II)
|
-vundaye
|
-vundao
|
| m-mi(III/IV)
|
-vundao
|
-vundayo
|
| ji-ma(V/VI)
|
-vundalo
|
-vundayo
|
| ki-vi(VII/VIII)
|
-vundacho
|
-vundavyo
|
| n(IX/X)
|
-vundayo
|
-vundazo
|
| u(XI)
|
-vundao
|
see n(X) or ma(VI) class
|
| ku(XV/XVII)
|
-vundako
|
|
| pa(XVI)
|
-vundapo
|
|
| mu(XVIII)
|
-vundamo
|
|
|
| Other forms (subject concord + tense marker + relative marker + (object concord) + -vunda)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| m-wa(I/II)
|
-yevunda
|
-ovunda
|
| m-mi(III/IV)
|
-ovunda
|
-yovunda
|
| ji-ma(V/VI)
|
-lovunda
|
-yovunda
|
| ki-vi(VII/VIII)
|
-chovunda
|
-vyovunda
|
| n(IX/X)
|
-yovunda
|
-zovunda
|
| u(XI)
|
-ovunda
|
see n(X) or ma(VI) class
|
| ku(XV/XVII)
|
-kovunda
|
|
| pa(XVI)
|
-povunda
|
|
| mu(XVIII)
|
-movunda
|
|
|
|
| Some forms not commonly seen in modern Standard Swahili are absent from the table. See Appendix:Swahili verbs for more information.
|
Derived terms
Xhosa
Etymology
(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
Verb
-vunda?
- to rot
Inflection
This verb needs an inflection-table template.