Swahili
Etymology
From wajibu (“duty, obligation, commitment”) + -isha (causative suffix).
Verb
-wajibisha (infinitive kuwajibisha)
- Stative form of wajibu: to hold accountable, to make responsible
Conjugation
| Conjugation of -wajibisha
|
| Positive present
|
-nawajibisha
|
| Subjunctive
|
-wajibishe
|
| Negative
|
-wajibishi
|
| Imperative singular
|
wajibisha
|
|
| Infinitives
|
|
|
| Imperatives
|
| Singular
|
wajibisha
|
| Plural
|
wajibisheni
|
|
| Tensed forms
|
| Habitual
|
huwajibisha
|
| Positive past
|
positive subject concord + -liwajibisha
|
| Negative past
|
negative subject concord + -kuwajibisha
|
|
| Positive present (positive subject concord + -nawajibisha)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
ninawajibisha/nawajibisha
|
tunawajibisha
|
| 2nd person
|
unawajibisha
|
mnawajibisha
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
anawajibisha
|
wanawajibisha
|
| other classes
|
positive subject concord + -nawajibisha
|
|
| Negative present (negative subject concord + -wajibishi)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
siwajibishi
|
hatuwajibishi
|
| 2nd person
|
huwajibishi
|
hamuwajibishi
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
hawajibishi
|
hawawajibishi
|
| other classes
|
negative subject concord + -wajibishi
|
|
| Positive future
|
positive subject concord + -tawajibisha
|
| Negative future
|
negative subject concord + -tawajibisha
|
|
| Positive subjunctive (positive subject concord + -wajibishe)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
niwajibishe
|
tuwajibishe
|
| 2nd person
|
uwajibishe
|
muwajibishe
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
awajibishe
|
wawajibishe
|
| other classes
|
positive subject concord + -wajibishe
|
|
| Negative subjunctive
|
positive subject concord + -siwajibishe
|
| Positive present conditional
|
positive subject concord + -ngewajibisha
|
| Negative present conditional
|
positive subject concord + -singewajibisha
|
| Positive past conditional
|
positive subject concord + -ngaliwajibisha
|
| Negative past conditional
|
positive subject concord + -singaliwajibisha
|
|
| Gnomic (positive subject concord + -awajibisha)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
nawajibisha
|
twawajibisha
|
| 2nd person
|
wawajibisha
|
mwawajibisha
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
awajibisha
|
wawajibisha
|
| m-mi(III/IV)
|
wawajibisha
|
yawajibisha
|
| ji-ma(V/VI)
|
lawajibisha
|
yawajibisha
|
| ki-vi(VII/VIII)
|
chawajibisha
|
vyawajibisha
|
| n(IX/X)
|
yawajibisha
|
zawajibisha
|
| u(XI)
|
wawajibisha
|
see n(X) or ma(VI) class
|
| ku(XV/XVII)
|
kwawajibisha
|
|
| pa(XVI)
|
pawajibisha
|
|
| mu(XVIII)
|
mwawajibisha
|
|
|
| Perfect
|
positive subject concord + -mewajibisha
|
| "Already"
|
positive subject concord + -meshawajibisha
|
| "Not yet"
|
negative subject concord + -jawajibisha
|
| "If/When"
|
positive subject concord + -kiwajibisha
|
| "If not"
|
positive subject concord + -sipowajibisha
|
| Consecutive
|
kawajibisha / positive subject concord + -kawajibisha
|
| Consecutive subjunctive
|
positive subject concord + -kawajibishe
|
|
| Object concord (indicative positive)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
-niwajibisha
|
-tuwajibisha
|
| 2nd person
|
-kuwajibisha
|
-wawajibisha/-kuwajibisheni/-wawajibisheni
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
-muwajibisha
|
-wawajibisha
|
| m-mi(III/IV)
|
-uwajibisha
|
-iwajibisha
|
| ji-ma(V/VI)
|
-liwajibisha
|
-yawajibisha
|
| ki-vi(VII/VIII)
|
-kiwajibisha
|
-viwajibisha
|
| n(IX/X)
|
-iwajibisha
|
-ziwajibisha
|
| u(XI)
|
-uwajibisha
|
see n(X) or ma(VI) class
|
| ku(XV/XVII)
|
-kuwajibisha
|
|
| pa(XVI)
|
-pawajibisha
|
|
| mu(XVIII)
|
-muwajibisha
|
|
| Reflexive
|
-jiwajibisha
|
|
| Relative forms
|
| General positive (positive subject concord + (object concord) + -wajibisha- + relative marker)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| m-wa(I/II)
|
-wajibishaye
|
-wajibishao
|
| m-mi(III/IV)
|
-wajibishao
|
-wajibishayo
|
| ji-ma(V/VI)
|
-wajibishalo
|
-wajibishayo
|
| ki-vi(VII/VIII)
|
-wajibishacho
|
-wajibishavyo
|
| n(IX/X)
|
-wajibishayo
|
-wajibishazo
|
| u(XI)
|
-wajibishao
|
see n(X) or ma(VI) class
|
| ku(XV/XVII)
|
-wajibishako
|
|
| pa(XVI)
|
-wajibishapo
|
|
| mu(XVIII)
|
-wajibishamo
|
|
|
| Other forms (subject concord + tense marker + relative marker + (object concord) + -wajibisha)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| m-wa(I/II)
|
-yewajibisha
|
-owajibisha
|
| m-mi(III/IV)
|
-owajibisha
|
-yowajibisha
|
| ji-ma(V/VI)
|
-lowajibisha
|
-yowajibisha
|
| ki-vi(VII/VIII)
|
-chowajibisha
|
-vyowajibisha
|
| n(IX/X)
|
-yowajibisha
|
-zowajibisha
|
| u(XI)
|
-owajibisha
|
see n(X) or ma(VI) class
|
| ku(XV/XVII)
|
-kowajibisha
|
|
| pa(XVI)
|
-powajibisha
|
|
| mu(XVIII)
|
-mowajibisha
|
|
|
|
| Some forms not commonly seen in modern Standard Swahili are absent from the table. See Appendix:Swahili verbs for more information.
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