со
Chechen
Etymology
Inherited from Proto-Nakh *so.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈsu̯o/
Pronoun
со • (so)
Declension
| singular | plural | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | |||
| exclusive | inclusive | |||||||
| nominative | со (so) | хьо (ḥʳo) | иза (iza) | тхо (txo) | вай (vaj) | шу (šu) | уьш (üš) | |
| genitive | сан (san) | хьан (ḥʳan) | цуьнан (cünan) | тхан (txan) | вайн (vajn) | шун (šun) | це̄ран (ceeran) | |
| dative | сӯна (suuna) | хьӯна (ḥʳuuna) | цунна (cunna) | тхӯна (txuuna) | вайна (vajna) | шуна (šuna) | ца̄рна (caarna) | |
| ergative | ас (as) | ахь (aḥʳ) | цо̄ (coo) | о̄ха (ooxa) | вай (vaj) | аш (aš) | ца̄ра (caara) | |
| allative | со̄ьга (sööga) | хьо̄ьга (ḥʳööga) | цуьнга (cünga) | тхо̄ьга (txööga) | вайга (vajga) | шуьга (šüga) | цаьрга (cärga) | |
| ablative | со̄ьгара (söögara) | хьо̄ьгара (ḥʳöögara) | цуьнгара (cüngara) | тхо̄ьгара (txöögara) | вайгара (vajgara) | шуьгара (šügara) | цаьргара (cärgara) | |
| instrumental | со̄ьца (sööca) | хьо̄ьца (ḥʳööca) | цуьнца (cünca) | тхо̄ьца (txööca) | вайца (vajca) | шуьца (šüca) | ца̄рца (caarca) | |
| lative | сох (sox) | хьох (ḥʳox) | цунах (cunax) | тхох (txox) | вайх (vajx) | шух (šux) | ца̄рах (caarax) | |
| comparative | сол (sol) | хьол (ḥʳol) | цул (cul) | тхол (txol) | вайл (vajl) | шул (šul) | ца̄рал (caaral) | |
References
- Nichols, Johanna, Vagapov, Arbi (2004) “со”, in Chechen–English and English–Chechen Dictionary, London and New York: RoutledgeCurzon, page 195
Ingush
Etymology
Inherited from Proto-Nakh *so.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈs(u̯)o/
Pronoun
со • (so)
Declension
| singular | plural | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | |||
| exclusive | inclusive | |||||||
| nominative | со (so) | хьо (ḥʳo) | из (iz) | тхо (txo) | вай (vaj) | шо (šo) | уж (už) | |
| genitive | са (sa) | хьа (ḥʳa) | цун (cun) | тха (txa) | вай (vaj) | шун (šun) | ца̄р (caar) | |
| dative | со̄на (soona) | хьо̄на (ḥʳoona) | цунна (cunna) | тхо̄на (txoona) | вайна (vajna) | шоана (šoana) | ца̄рна (caarna) | |
| ergative | а̄з (aaz) | ӏа (ˀa) | цо̄ (coo) | оаха (oaxa) | вай (vaj) | оаш (oaš) | ца̄ра (caara) | |
| allative | со̄га (sooga) | хьо̄га (ḥʳooga) | цунга (cunga) | тхо̄га (txooga) | вайга (vajga) | шуга (šuga) | ца̄рга (caarga) | |
| ablative | со̄гара (soogara) | хьо̄гара (ḥʳoogara) | цунгара (cungara) | тхо̄гара (txoogara) | вайгара (vajgara) | шугара (šugara) | ца̄ргара (caargara) | |
| instrumental | со̄ца (sooca) | хьо̄ца (ḥʳooca) | цунца (cunca) | тхо̄ца (txooca) | вайца (vajca) | шуца (šuca) | ца̄рца (caarca) | |
| lative | сох (sox) | хьох (ḥʳox) | цунах (cunax) | тхох (txox) | вайх (vajx) | шух (šux) | ца̄рех (caarex) | |
| comparative | сол (sol) | хьол (ḥʳol) | цул (cul) | тхол (txol) | вайл (vajl) | шул (šul) | ца̄рел (caarel) | |
References
- Nichols, Johanna B. (2004) “со”, in Ingush–English and English–Ingush Dictionary, London and New York: Routledge, page 138
Macedonian
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [sɔ]
- Rhymes: -ɔ
Preposition
со • (so)
- with
- Пишувам со молив.
- Pišuvam so moliv.
- I am writing with a pencil.
- Разговарам со пријател.
- Razgovaram so prijatel.
- I am conversing with a friend.
Nivkh
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /so/
Noun
со (so)
- lenited form of чо (ț’o) Occurs after vowels and plosives.
- Ытиксо тух ӿумд.
- Ətikso tux humd.
- The crucian carp lives in a lake.
Russian
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [sə]
- IPA(key): [sɐ] (before a stressed syllable)
Audio: (file) - IPA(key): [ˈso] (when stressed)
Audio: (file)
Preposition
со • (so) [(depending on meaning) with instrumental or genitive or accusative]
Usage notes
- This is a variant of с (s) which is sometimes used before words beginning with certain consonant clusters such as мн- (mn-).
Antonyms
See also
- с (s)
Serbo-Croatian
Alternative forms
Etymology
Inherited from Proto-Slavic *solь, from Proto-Indo-European *seh₂ls.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /sôː/
Noun
со̑ f (Latin spelling sȏ)
Declension
| singular | plural | |
|---|---|---|
| nominative | со / сол | соли |
| genitive | соли | соли |
| dative | соли | солима |
| accusative | со / сол | соли |
| vocative | соли | соли |
| locative | соли | солима |
| instrumental | сољу / соли | солима |
Udmurt
Etymology
From Proto-Permic *su̇, from Proto-Uralic *sᴕ̈. Cognates include Erzya сон (son) and Finnish hän.
Permic cognates include Komi-Zyrian сійӧ (sijö) and Komi-Permyak сія (sija).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [ˈso]
- Rhymes: -o
- Hyphenation: со
Pronoun
со • (so)
Derived terms
pronouns
- соос (soos)
Related terms
| nominative | accusative | genitive | dative | instrumental | ablative | abessive | adverbial | allative | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| singular | 1st person | мон (mon) | монэ (mone) | мынам (mynam) | мыным (mynym) | монэн, монэнын (monen, monenyn) | мынэсьтым (myneśtym) | монтэк (montek) | монъя (monja) | монлань (monlań) |
| 2nd person | тон (ton) | тонэ (tone) | тынад (tynad) | тыныд (tynyd) | тонэн, тонэнын (tonen, tonenyn) | тынэсьтыд (tyneśtyd) | тонтэк (tontek) | тонъя (tonja) | тонлань (tonlań) | |
| 3rd person | со (so) | сое (soje) | солэн (solen) | солы (soly) | соин (soin) | солэсь (soleś) | сотэк (sotek) | соя (soja) | солань (solań) | |
| plural | 1st person | ми (mi) | милемиз, милемды (miľemiz, miľemdy) | милям (miľam) | милем, милемлы (miľem, miľemly) | милемын, миленымы (miľemyn, miľenymy) | милесьтым (miľeśtym) | митэк (mitek) | мия (mija) | милань (milań) |
| 2nd person | тӥ (ti) | тӥледыз, тӥледды (tiľedyz, tiľeddy) | тӥляд (tiľad) | тӥлед, тӥледлы (tiľed, tiľedly) | тӥлемын, тӥленыды (tiľemyn, tiľenydy) | тӥлесьтыд (tiľeśtyd) | тӥтэк (titek) | тӥя (tija) | тӥлань (tilań) | |
| 3rd person | соос (soos) | соосыз, соосты (soosyz, soosty) | соослэн (sooslen) | соослы (soosly) | соосын (soosyn) | соослэсь (soosleś) | соостэк (soostek) | соося (soośa) | соослань (sooslań) |
References
- L. E. Kirillova, L. L. Karpova, editors (2008), “со”, in Удмурт-ӟуч кыллюкам [Udmurt-Russian dictionary], Izhevsk: Удмуртский институт истории, языка и литературы УрО РАН, →ISBN, page 606
- T. V. Voronova, T. A. Poyarkova, editor (2012), Удмурт-ӟуч, ӟуч-удмурт кыллюкам [Udmurt-Russian, Russian-Udmurt dictionary] (overall work in Russian), Izhevsk: Книжное издательство «Удмуртия», →ISBN, page 68
- Yrjö Wichmann, Toivo Emil Uotila (1987) Mikko Korhonen, editor, Wotjakischer Wortschatz [Votyak Vocabulary] (Lexica Societatis Fenno-Ugricae; Volume 21) (overall work in German), Helsinki: Suomalais-ugrilainen Seura, →ISBN, →ISSN, page 260