حبر

Borrowed from Classical Syriac ܚܒܪܐ (ḥeḇrā, “ink”), from the root ܚ ܒ ܪ related to darkness. Merged with the root ح ب ر (ḥ b r).

• IPA^(key): /ħibr/

حِبْر • (ḥibr) m (plural أَحْبَار (ʔaḥbār))

2. ink

   Synonyms: مِدَاد (midād), نِقْس (niqs)

   Holonyms: مِحْبَرَة (miḥbara), دَوَاة (dawāh)

4. beauty

Senses related to ink, writing, and discoloration are from Etymology 1 (see above).

حَبَرَ • (ḥabara) I (non-past يَحْبُرُ (yaḥburu), verbal noun حَبْر (ḥabr) or حُبُور (ḥubūr)) (transitive)

1. to make happy; to elate

   Synonyms: see Thesaurus:ar:make happy

   Hyponyms: كَرَّمَ (karrama), نَعَّمَ (naʕʕama), رَفَّهَ (raffaha), أَرَاحَ (ʔarāḥa)

2. to ink, to fill, cover, smear, mark, write, draw, illustrate, or outline with ink
   1. to write

      Synonyms: كَتَبَ (kataba), نَمَقَ (namaqa)

3. (dated) to improve the overall quality of (a text, a performance, a skill, and so on), to refine, to polish; to perfect

   Synonym: حَسَّنَ (ḥassana)

4. (dated) to improve the shape, form, style, structure, or composition of (handwriting, voice, and so on), to beautify; to embellish; to pretty

   Synonym: جَمَّلَ (jammala)

   1. to improve in aspect or appearance, to make visually pleasing, to deck, to decorate, to ornament

      Synonyms: زَيَّنَ (zayyana), نَمَّقَ (nammaqa), زَوَّقَ (zawwaqa)

   2. to pattern (a garment); to embroider

      Synonyms: نَقَشَ (naqaša), طَرَّزَ (ṭarraza), وَشَّى (waššā)

حَبِرَ • (ḥabira) I (non-past يَحْبَرُ (yaḥbaru), verbal noun حَبَر (ḥabar)) (intransitive)

1. to be or become glad or happy, to cheer up, to brighten

   Synonyms: see Thesaurus:ar:become happy

2. (of teeth) to become discolored (as if stained with ink), to become dark, to yellow

حَبْر • (ḥabr) m

1. verbal noun of حَبَرَ (ḥabara) (form I)

Denominal verb of حِبْر (ḥibr, “ink”). Senses related to improvement, perfection, and embellishment are from or influenced by the root ح ب ر (ḥ b r) (see above).

• IPA^(key): /ħab.ba.ra/

حَبَّرَ • (ḥabbara) II (non-past يُحَبِّرُ (yuḥabbiru), verbal noun تَحْبِير (taḥbīr)) (transitive)

1. to ink, to fill, cover, smear, mark, write, draw, illustrate, or outline with ink
   1. to write (especially in an elegant style), to compose

      Synonym: نَمَّقَ (nammaqa)

2. (dated) to better or improve in quality, appearance, etc. to enhance; to polish up; to perfect
   1. (dated) to prettify; to bedeck, to adorn

Borrowed from Biblical Hebrew חָבֵר (ḥɔḇer, “comrade”) in a specific meaning as used for sectarian cadres. Merged with Etymology 3 by analogy with the use of ink by religious clerks and scribes, hence "a man of learning", hence "a scholarly theologian", hence "an authority in matters of religion".

• IPA^(key): /ħabr/, /ħibr/

حَبْر or حِبْر • (ḥabr or ḥibr) m (plural أَحْبَار (ʔaḥbār)) (countable)

1. (loosely) a scholar (especially one that is highly regarded and respected by a certain group and is deemed to be an authority)
   1. (with ال (al-, “the”)) the Scholar (one of the titles and designations of Ibn Abbas, one of companions of Muhammad)
2. (religion, chiefly Abrahamism) a well-versed religious scribe; a learned theologian; a religious authority
   1. (Christianity) a bishop

      Synonym: أُسْقُف (ʔusquf)

   2. (Judaism) a rabbi

      Synonyms: حَاخَام (ḥāḵām), حَكِيم (ḥakīm)

   3. (Islam) an esteemed authoritative theologian, an imam

      Synonyms: إِمَام (ʔimām), مَرْجَع (marjaʕ), مُقَلَّد (muqallad)

• Ahrens, Karl (1930) “Christliches im Qoran. Eine Nachlese”, in Zeitschrift der Deutschen Morgenländischen Gesellschaft‎^[1] (in German), volume 84, page 20
• Fraenkel, Siegmund (1886) Die aramäischen Fremdwörter im Arabischen (in German), Leiden: E. J. Brill, page 247
• Nöldeke, Theodor (1875) Mandäische Grammatik‎^[2] (in German), Halle: Verlag der Buchhandlung des Waisenhauses, →DOI, page 61
• Geiger, Abraham (1833, 1902) Was hat Mohammed aus dem Judenthume aufgenommen? (in German), 2nd edition, Leipzig: M. W. Kaufmann, page 48

From Arabic حِبْر (ḥibr).

• IPA^(key): /ħɪ.bɪr/

حبر • (ḥibir) m (before il- حِبْر (ḥibr), plural احبار (aḥbār))

1. ink
2. Ellipsis of قلم حبر (qalam ḥibir, “pen”)

From Arabic حِبْر (ḥibr).

• IPA^(key): /ħi.bir/, [ħɪ.bɪr]

حبر • (ḥibir) m (construct state حِبْر (ḥibr), plural أحبار (ʔaḥbār))

1. ink