井
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Translingual
Stroke order | |||
Han character
井 (Kangxi radical 7, 二+2, 4 strokes, cangjie input 廿廿 (TT), four-corner 55000, composition ⿻一廾)
Derived characters
- 㘫, 妌, 𪪁, 汫, 阱, 𪰉, 肼, 㐩, 𭾠, 畊, 𮈃, 𬙍, 耕, 䎴, 𬟷, 𮗻, 𬪦, 㓝, 刱, 𫡳, 𫎁, 宑, 𬜣, 𬼾, 𭾞, 穽, 𬆓, 䨍, 坓, 汬, 丼, 𬑽, 囲
- 𰃖, 进, 讲 (Simplified from 進 and 講)
Descendants
- ヰ (Katakana character derived from Man'yōgana)
References
- Kangxi Dictionary: page 86, character 14
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 258
- Dae Jaweon: page 183, character 1
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 10, character 4
- Unihan data for U+4E95
Chinese
simp. and trad. |
井 | |
---|---|---|
alternative forms | 丼 |
Glyph origin
Historical forms of the character 井 | ||||
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Shang | Western Zhou | Warring States | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Liushutong (compiled in Ming) |
Oracle bone script | Bronze inscriptions | Chu slip and silk script | Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts |
j12550 j12551 j12552 j12553 j12554 j12555 j12556 j12557 j12558 j12559 j12560 j12561 j12562 j12563 j12564 j12565 j12566 j12567 j12568 j12569 j12570 j12571 j12572 j12573 j12574 j12575 b07748 b07749 b07750 b07751 b07752 b07753 b07754 b07755 b07757 b07758 b07759 b07760 b07761 b07762 b07763 b07764 b07765 b07766 b07767 b07768 b07769 b07770 b07771 b07772 b07773 b07774 b07775 b07776 b07777 b07778 b07779 b07780 s03663 Transcribed ancient scripts L17889 L17890 L17891 L17892 | ||||
References:
Mostly from Richard Sears' Chinese Etymology site (authorisation),
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Characters in the same phonetic series () (Zhengzhang, 2003)
Pictogram (象形) – a square well, with supports on four sides.
Some forms have a stone inside the well, as in 丼.
Etymology 1
Pronunciation
- Mandarin
- Cantonese
- Gan (Wiktionary): jiang3 / jin3
- Hakka
- Jin (Wiktionary): jing2
- Northern Min (KCR): cǎng
- Eastern Min (BUC): cāng / ciāng
- Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): za3 / zann3 / zing3
- Southern Min
- Southern Pinghua (Nanning, Jyutping++): zang2
- Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): 5cin
- Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): zin3
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin: jǐng
- Zhuyin: ㄐㄧㄥˇ
- Tongyong Pinyin: jǐng
- Wade–Giles: ching3
- Yale: jǐng
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jiing
- Palladius: цзин (czin)
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡ɕiŋ²¹⁴/
- (Xi'an)
- Guanzhong Pinyin: jìng
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡ɕiŋ⁵³/
- (Dungan)
- (Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: zeng2 / zing2
- Yale: jéng / jíng
- Cantonese Pinyin: dzeng2 / dzing2
- Guangdong Romanization: zéng2 / jing2
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡sɛːŋ³⁵/, /t͡sɪŋ³⁵/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
Note:
- zeng2 - vernacular;
- zing2 - literary.
Note:
- diang2 - vernacular;
- den2 - literary.
- Gan
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chiáng
- Hakka Romanization System: jiangˋ
- Hagfa Pinyim: jiang3
- Sinological IPA: /t͡si̯aŋ³¹/
- (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
- Hakka Romanization System: ziangˊ
- Sinological IPA: /t͡siaŋ²⁴/
- (Meixian)
- Guangdong: jiang3
- Sinological IPA: /t͡ɕiaŋ³¹/
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Jin
- Northern Min
- (Jian'ou)
- Kienning Colloquial Romanized: cǎng
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡saŋ²¹/
- (Jian'ou)
- Eastern Min
- Puxian Min
- (Putian)
- Pouseng Ping'ing: za3
- Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: câⁿ
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡sa⁴⁵³/
- (Xianyou)
- Pouseng Ping'ing: zann3
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡sã³³²/
- (Putian)
- Pouseng Ping'ing: zing3
- Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: cîng
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡siŋ⁴⁵³/
- (Xianyou)
- Pouseng Ping'ing: zing3
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡siŋ³³²/
- (Putian)
Note:
- za3/zann3 - vernacular;
- zing3 - literary.
- Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Taipei, Hsinchu, Lukang, Sanxia, Kinmen, Magong)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chíⁿ
- Tâi-lô: tsínn
- Phofsit Daibuun: cvie
- IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡sĩ⁵⁵⁴/
- IPA (Lukang): /t͡sĩ⁵⁵/
- IPA (Xiamen, Taipei, Kinmen): /t͡sĩ⁵³/
- (Hokkien: Zhangzhou, Kaohsiung, Tainan, Taichung, Yilan)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chéⁿ
- Tâi-lô: tsénn
- Phofsit Daibuun: zvea
- IPA (Zhangzhou): /t͡sɛ̃⁵³/
- IPA (Kaohsiung): /t͡sẽ⁴¹/
- IPA (Tainan, Yilan): /t͡sẽ⁵³/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chéng
- Tâi-lô: tsíng
- Phofsit Daibuun: zeang
- IPA (Kaohsiung): /t͡siɪŋ⁴¹/
- IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡siɪŋ⁵⁵⁴/
- IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Taipei): /t͡siɪŋ⁵³/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Taipei, Hsinchu, Lukang, Sanxia, Kinmen, Magong)
Note:
- chíⁿ/chéⁿ - vernacular;
- chéng - literary.
- (Teochew)
- Peng'im: zên2
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tséⁿ
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡sẽ⁵²/
- (Leizhou)
- Leizhou Pinyin: ze2 / jing2
- Sinological IPA: /t͡sɛ³¹/, /t͡siŋ³¹/
Note:
- ze2 - vernacular;
- jing2 - literary.
- Southern Pinghua
- (Nanning Pinghua, Tingzi)
- Jyutping++: zang2
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡səŋ³³/
- (Nanning Pinghua, Tingzi)
- Wu
- Xiang
- Middle Chinese: tsjengX
- Old Chinese
- (Baxter–Sagart): /*C.tseŋʔ/
- (Zhengzhang): /*skeŋʔ/
Definitions
井
- well (a hole sunk into the ground) (Classifier: 口; 眼)
- well-shaped object; mineshaft, pit
- hometown
- neat; tidy
- 48th hexagram of the I Ching
- a surname
Synonyms
Dialectal synonyms of 水井 (“well (for collecting water)”) [map]
Compounds
- 下井投石
- 三眼井 (Sānyǎnjǐng)
- 丘井
- 丹砂井
- 乾井 / 干井 (gānjǐng)
- 井中求火
- 井中視星 / 井中视星
- 井井有條 / 井井有条 (jǐngjǐngyǒutiáo)
- 井井有理
- 井口邊草 / 井口边草
- 井地
- 井字棋 (jǐngzìqí)
- 井字過三關 / 井字过三关 (jǐngzìguòsānguān)
- 井字遊戲 / 井字游戏 (jǐngzì yóuxì)
- 井宿 (Jǐngxiù)
- 井幹 / 井干
- 井底之蛙 (jǐngdǐzhīwā)
- 井底銀瓶 / 井底银瓶
- 井架
- 井柱狀圖 / 井柱状图
- 井榦 / 井干
- 井水 (jǐngshuǐ)
- 井渫不食
- 井然 (jǐngrán)
- 井然有序 (jǐngrányǒuxù)
- 井田 (jǐngtián)
- 井田制度 (jǐngtián zhìdù)
- 井稅 / 井税
- 井穴
- 井窩子 / 井窝子
- 井繩 / 井绳
- 井臺 / 井台 (jǐngtái)
- 井臼
- 井蛙 (jǐngwā)
- 井蛙之見 / 井蛙之见 (jǐngwāzhījiàn)
- 井蛙語海 / 井蛙语海
- 井蛙醯雞 / 井蛙醯鸡
- 井逕 / 井迳
- 井闌 / 井阑
- 井陘縣 / 井陉县
- 井養 / 井养
- 井鮒 / 井鲋
- 井鹽 / 井盐 (jǐngyán)
- 前井 (Qiánjǐng)
- 午井 (Wǔjǐng)
- 古井 (gǔjǐng)
- 古井不波
- 古井無波 / 古井无波
- 古井重波
- 坎井之蛙
- 坐井觀天 / 坐井观天 (zuòjǐngguāntiān)
- 坎兒井 / 坎儿井 (kǎnrjǐng)
- 天井 (tiānjǐng)
- 奔井投河
- 學如穿井 / 学如穿井
- 層次井然 / 层次井然
- 市井 (shìjǐng)
- 市井之人
- 市井之徒 (shìjǐngzhītú)
- 市井之臣
- 市井小人
- 市井小民
- 市井無賴 / 市井无赖 (shìjǐngwúlài)
- 從井救人 / 从井救人
- 心如古井
- 投井下石 (tóujǐngxiàshí)
- 投河逩井 / 投河奔井
- 投石下井
- 挑雪填井
- 掘井 (juéjǐng)
- 捫參歷井 / 扪参历井
- 操井臼
- 擔雪填井 / 担雪填井
- 擔雪塞井 / 担雪塞井
- 斷井頹垣 / 断井颓垣
- 旱井
- 景陽宮井 / 景阳宫井
- 枯井
- 條理井然 / 条理井然
- 棄井 / 弃井
- 橘井
- 氣井 / 气井
- 水井 (shuǐjǐng)
- 汲井
- 油井 (yóujǐng)
- 洋井
- 淺井 / 浅井 (qiǎnjǐng)
- 淘井 (táojǐng)
- 淘古井
- 涼水井 / 凉水井 (Liángshuǐjǐng)
- 渴而穿井
- 灣井 / 湾井 (Wānjǐng)
- 煤井
- 玉井 (Yùjǐng)
- 甘井先竭 (gānjǐngxiānjié)
- 眢井
- 石井 (Shíjǐng)
- 礦井 / 矿井 (kuàngjǐng)
- 秩序井然
- 稱鎚落井 / 称锤落井
- 窨井 (yìnjǐng)
- 管井
- 紡績井臼 / 纺绩井臼
- 綺井 / 绮井
- 耿恭拜井
- 背井離鄉 / 背井离乡 (bèijǐnglíxiāng)
- 胭脂井
- 臨噎掘井 / 临噎掘井
- 臨渴掘井 / 临渴掘井 (línkějuéjǐng)
- 臨渴穿井 / 临渴穿井
- 自操井臼
- 自流井 (zìliújǐng)
- 落井下石 (luòjǐngxiàshí)
- 藻井 (zǎojǐng)
- 虎井 (Hǔjǐng)
- 親操井臼 / 亲操井臼
- 踢天弄井
- 避井落坑
- 避坑落井 (bìkēngluòjǐng)
- 鄉井 / 乡井
- 金井
- 鑿井 / 凿井 (záojǐng)
- 開渠穿井 / 开渠穿井
- 開發井 / 开发井
- 阿井
- 離鄉背井 / 离乡背井 (líxiāngbèijǐng)
- 離鄉避井 / 离乡避井
- 露井
- 鹽井 / 盐井 (yánjǐng)
- 龍井 / 龙井 (Lóngjǐng)
- 龍井茶 / 龙井茶
Etymology 2
For pronunciation and definitions of 井 – see 阱 (“pitfall, trap”). (This character is the second-round simplified form of 阱). |
Notes:
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Japanese
Kanji
井
Readings
- Go-on: しょう (shō, Jōyō †)←しやう (syau, historical)
- Kan-on: せい (sei, Jōyō)
- Kun: い (i, 井, Jōyō)←ゐ (wi, 井, historical)、いど (ido, 井)←ゐど (wido, 井, historical)
Compounds
- 天井 (tenjō)
Etymology 1
Kanji in this term |
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井 |
い Grade: 4 |
kun'yomi |
wi > i.
Pronunciation
Noun
- well (water source)
Derived terms
Proverbs
- 井の中の蛙大海を知らず (i no naka no kawazu taikai o shirazu): metaphor of a narrow world view based on limited experience (literally, "a frog in a well does not know the great ocean")
Proper noun
井 • (I)
- a surname
Etymology 2
Kanji in this term |
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井 |
せい Grade: 4 |
on'yomi |
From Middle Chinese 井 (tsjengX).
Pronunciation
Noun
井 • (sei)
Derived terms
Proper noun
井 • (Sei)
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
- ^ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN
Korean
Etymology
From Middle Chinese 井 (MC tsjengX). Recorded as Middle Korean 져ᇰ〯 (cyěng) (Yale: cyeng) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.
Hanja
Compounds
References
- 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전/電子字典. [1]
Vietnamese
Han character
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