墊

See also: 垫

墊	U+588A, 墊 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-588A

← 墉
[U+5889]

CJK Unified Ideographs

墋 →
[U+588B]

Translingual

Han character

墊 (Kangxi radical 32, 土+11, 14 strokes, cangjie input 土戈土 (GIG), four-corner 4510₄, composition ⿱執土)

Derived characters

𡫓, 𫉷, 𩆔, 𫸃

References

Kangxi Dictionary: page 237, character 30
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 5420
Dae Jaweon: page 476, character 8
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 477, character 8
Unihan data for U+588A

Chinese

trad.		墊
simp.		垫
alternative forms		㞟 “to pay in advance”

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (執) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
騺	*tibs
摯	*tjibs
贄	*tjibs
鷙	*tjibs
墊	tiːms, diːb
慹	tjeb, ndiːb, sdib, tjib
謺	*tjeb
褺	*diːb
蓻	*stib
縶	*tib
漐	*tʰib
蟄	*dib
執	*tjib
瓡	*tjib

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *tiːms, *diːb): phonetic 執 (OC *tjib) + semantic 土 (“earth”).

Etymology

"to pay in advance"

Replaced 㞟 (diàn).

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium. Particularly: “zin3 from 荐?”)

Pronunciation 1

Mandarin
(Pinyin): diàn (dian⁴)

(Zhuyin): ㄉㄧㄢˋ
Cantonese (Jyutping): zin³ / din³ / din^3-2 / zin^3-2
Hakka (Sixian, PFS): thiap / tiap
Eastern Min (BUC): dâing
Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): dieng⁵
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): tiàm / tiān / tiām / tiàn / thiām

(Teochew, Peng'im): diêng⁶ / diang⁶

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: diàn
  - Zhuyin: ㄉㄧㄢˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: diàn
  - Wade–Giles: tien⁴
  - Yale: dyàn
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: diann
  - Palladius: дянь (djanʹ)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ti̯ɛn⁵¹/
- (Standard Chinese, erhua-ed)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: diànr
  - Zhuyin: ㄉㄧㄢˋㄦ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: diànr
  - Wade–Giles: tien⁴-ʼrh
  - Yale: dyànr
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: diall
  - Palladius: дяньр (djanʹr)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ti̯ɑɻ⁵¹/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
  - Jyutping: zin³ / din³ / din^3-2 / zin^3-2
  - Yale: jin / din / dín / jín
  - Cantonese Pinyin: dzin³ / din³ / din^3-2 / dzin^3-2
  - Guangdong Romanization: jin³ / din³ / din^3-2 / jin^3-2
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡siːn³³/, /tiːn³³/, /tiːn³³⁻³⁵/, /t͡siːn³³⁻³⁵/

Note:

din3 - literary;
zin3 - vernacular;.

Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: thiap / tiap
  - Hakka Romanization System: tiab^ˋ / diab^ˋ
  - Hagfa Pinyim: tiab⁵ / diab⁵
  - Sinological IPA: /tʰi̯ap̚²/, /ti̯ap̚²/
Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: dâing
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /taiŋ²⁴²/
Puxian Min
- (Putian)
  - Pouseng Ping'ing: dieng⁵
  - Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: diāng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /tiɛŋ¹¹/
- (Xianyou)
  - Pouseng Ping'ing: dieng⁵
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /tiɛŋ²¹/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: tiàm
  - Tâi-lô: tiàm
  - Phofsit Daibuun: diaxm
  - IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /tiam²¹/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /tiam⁴¹/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: tiān
  - Tâi-lô: tiān
  - Phofsit Daibuun: dien
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /tiɛn⁴¹/
- (Hokkien: General Taiwanese, Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: tiām
  - Tâi-lô: tiām
  - Phofsit Daibuun: diam
  - IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /tiam³³/
  - IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /tiam²²/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: tiàn
  - Tâi-lô: tiàn
  - Phofsit Daibuun: diexn
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /tiɛn⁴¹/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: thiām
  - Tâi-lô: thiām
  - Phofsit Daibuun: tiam
  - IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /tʰiam²²/

Note:

tiàm - literary;
tiān/tiām/tiàn/thiām - vernacular.

(Teochew)
- Peng'im: diêng⁶ / diang⁶
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tiĕng / tiăng
- Sinological IPA ^(key): /tieŋ³⁵/, /tiaŋ³⁵/

Definitions

墊

pad; cushion; mat
to put something under something else to raise or balance it
用嚟墊煲底／用嚟垫煲底 [Cantonese] ― jung⁶ lai⁴ zin³ bou¹ dai² [Jyutping] ― to use as a mat for a pot
to fill up something; to insert something
(Southern Min) to sow

Synonyms

(pad): 墊子／垫子 (diànzi)

Compounds

坐墊 / 坐垫 (zuòdiàn)
墊上運動 / 垫上运动
墊圈 / 垫圈
墊圈兒 / 垫圈儿
墊場 / 垫场 (diànchǎng)
墊子 / 垫子 (diànzi)
墊平 / 垫平
墊底 / 垫底 (diàndǐ)
墊底兒 / 垫底儿
墊戲 / 垫戏
墊板 / 垫板
墊肩 / 垫肩 (diànjiān)
墊背 / 垫背 (diànbèi)
墊脚石
墊腳 / 垫脚
墊腳石 / 垫脚石 (diànjiǎoshí)
墊褥 / 垫褥
墊高 / 垫高
封墊 / 封垫
床墊 / 床垫 (chuángdiàn)
拜墊 / 拜垫
杯墊 / 杯垫 (bēidiàn)
桌墊 / 桌垫
椅墊 / 椅垫 (yǐdiàn)
檯墊 / 台垫
氣墊船 / 气垫船 (qìdiànchuán)
襯墊 / 衬垫
針墊 / 针垫
鞋墊 / 鞋垫 (xiédiàn)
鞋墊仔 / 鞋垫仔
餐墊 / 餐垫 (cāndiàn)

Pronunciation 2

Mandarin
(Pinyin): diàn (dian⁴)

(Zhuyin): ㄉㄧㄢˋ
Cantonese (Jyutping): din⁶
Hakka (Sixian, PFS): thien

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: diàn
  - Zhuyin: ㄉㄧㄢˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: diàn
  - Wade–Giles: tien⁴
  - Yale: dyàn
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: diann
  - Palladius: дянь (djanʹ)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ti̯ɛn⁵¹/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
  - Jyutping: din⁶
  - Yale: dihn
  - Cantonese Pinyin: din⁶
  - Guangdong Romanization: din⁶
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /tiːn²²/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: thien
  - Hakka Romanization System: tien
  - Hagfa Pinyim: tian⁴
  - Sinological IPA: /tʰi̯en⁵⁵/

Definitions

墊

to pay something in advance; to pay for somebody

Synonyms

墊付／垫付 (diànfù)

Compounds

墊不起 / 垫不起
墊付 / 垫付 (diànfù)
墊支 / 垫支 (diànzhī)
墊款 / 垫款
墊用 / 垫用
墊補 / 垫补
墊話 / 垫话
墊財 / 垫财
墊錢 / 垫钱

Pronunciation 3

Mandarin
(Pinyin): diàn (dian⁴)

(Zhuyin): ㄉㄧㄢˋ
Cantonese (Jyutping): dim³

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: diàn
  - Zhuyin: ㄉㄧㄢˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: diàn
  - Wade–Giles: tien⁴
  - Yale: dyàn
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: diann
  - Palladius: дянь (djanʹ)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ti̯ɛn⁵¹/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
  - Jyutping: dim³
  - Yale: dim
  - Cantonese Pinyin: dim³
  - Guangdong Romanization: dim³
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /tiːm³³/

Middle Chinese: temH

Rime
Character	墊
Reading #	1/2
Initial (聲)	端 (5)
Final (韻)	添 (157)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	IV
Fanqie	都念切
Baxter	temH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/tem^H/
Pan Wuyun	/tem^H/
Shao Rongfen	/tɛm^H/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/tɛm^H/
Li Rong	/tem^H/
Wang Li	/tiem^H/
Bernhard Karlgren	/tiem^H/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	diàn
Expected Cantonese Reflex	dim³

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*[t]ˤ[i]m-s/

(Zhengzhang): /*tiːms/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	墊
Reading #	1/2
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	diàn
Middle Chinese	‹ tem^H ›
Old Chinese	/*[t]ˁ[i]m-s/
English	descend
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	墊
Reading #	1/2
No.	17279
Phonetic component	執
Rime group	侵
Rime subdivision	2
Corresponding MC rime	店
Old Chinese	/*tiːms/

Definitions

墊

(obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) to sink down; to drown; to perish; to descend

Compounds

墊没
墊溺 / 垫溺
墊裂 / 垫裂
墊陷 / 垫陷
昏墊 / 昏垫

Pronunciation 4

Mandarin
(Pinyin): dié, diàn (die², dian⁴)

(Zhuyin): ㄉㄧㄝˊ, ㄉㄧㄢˋ
Cantonese (Jyutping): dip⁶

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: dié
  - Zhuyin: ㄉㄧㄝˊ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: dié
  - Wade–Giles: tieh²
  - Yale: dyé
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: dye
  - Palladius: де (de)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ti̯ɛ³⁵/
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: diàn
  - Zhuyin: ㄉㄧㄢˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: diàn
  - Wade–Giles: tien⁴
  - Yale: dyàn
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: diann
  - Palladius: дянь (djanʹ)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ti̯ɛn⁵¹/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
  - Jyutping: dip⁶
  - Yale: dihp
  - Cantonese Pinyin: dip⁹
  - Guangdong Romanization: dib⁶
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /tiːp̚²/

Middle Chinese: dep

Rime
Character	墊
Reading #	2/2
Initial (聲)	定 (7)
Final (韻)	怗 (158)
Tone (調)	Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	IV
Fanqie	徒協切
Baxter	dep
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/dep̚/
Pan Wuyun	/dep̚/
Shao Rongfen	/dɛp̚/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/dɛp̚/
Li Rong	/dep̚/
Wang Li	/diep̚/
Bernhard Karlgren	/dʱiep̚/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	dié
Expected Cantonese Reflex	dip⁶

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*[t]ˤip/

(Zhengzhang): /*diːb/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	墊
Reading #	2/2
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	dié
Middle Chinese	‹ tep ›
Old Chinese	/*[t]ˁip/
English	(place in Sìchuān, no pre-Hàn text)
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	墊
Reading #	2/2
No.	17283
Phonetic component	執
Rime group	緝
Rime subdivision	2
Corresponding MC rime	牒
Old Chinese	/*diːb/

Definitions

墊

only used in 墊江／垫江 (Diànjiāng)

References

“墊”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎^[1], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

Japanese

Kanji

墊

(Hyōgai kanji)

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Readings

On (unclassified): てん (ten)、ちょう (chō)、じょう (jō)
Kun: おちいる (ochīru, 墊る)、おぼれる (oboreru, 墊れる)、なやむ (nayamu, 墊む)

Korean

Hanja

墊 • (jeom) (hangeul 점, revised jeom, McCune–Reischauer chŏm)

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese

Han character

墊: Hán Nôm readings: điếm

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.