奄

奄	U+5944, 奄 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5944

← 奃
[U+5943]

CJK Unified Ideographs

奅 →
[U+5945]

奄	U+FA7E, 奄 CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-FA7E

← 墳
[U+FA7D]

CJK Compatibility Ideographs

奔 →
[U+FA7F]

Translingual

Han character

奄 (Kangxi radical 37, 大+5, 8 strokes, cangjie input 大中田山 (KLWU), four-corner 4071₆, composition ⿱大电(GTJKV) or ⿱大⿻日㇄(T))

Derived characters

俺, 𢔂, 埯, 掩, 唵, 崦, 淹, 殗, 晻, 腌, 硽, 裺, 醃, 餣, 馣, 黤, 剦, 鵪(鹌), 奙, 菴, 罨, 阉, 閹, 庵, 痷, 匎

References

Kangxi Dictionary: page 250, character 21
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 5881
Dae Jaweon: page 510, character 8
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 534, character 3
Unihan data for U+5944

Unihan data for U+FA7E

Chinese

trad.		奄
simp. ^#		奄
alternative forms		闇／暗 suddenly

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 奄
Western Zhou	Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)	Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Bronze inscriptions	Small seal script	Transcribed ancient scripts

Characters in the same phonetic series () (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
庵	qoːm, qoːb
鵪	*qoːm
菴	qoːm, qrom
馣	*qoːm
晻	qoːmʔ, qromʔ
唵	*qoːmʔ
黤	qoːmʔ, qraːmʔ
埯	qaːmʔ, qomʔ
淹	qroːm, qrom, qom, qoms
閹	qrom, qromʔ
崦	*qrom
醃	qrom, qom
掩	*qromʔ
奄	*qromʔ
罨	qromʔ, qoːb, *qob
裺	qromʔ, qoms
俺	qromʔ, qoms
腌	qom, qrob, *qob
殗	*qob
餣	*qob

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *qromʔ): abbreviated semantic 盍 + phonetic 甲 (OC *kraːb)^{[字源 1]} — original form of 掩 (OC *qromʔ, “to cover”).

Shuowen: ideogrammic compound (會意 / 会意): 大 (“big”) + 申 (“extend”) – to cover.

References

^ 陳剣「説“規”等字並論一些特別的形声字意符」『源遠流長――漢字国際学術検討会暨AEARU第三届漢字文化検討会論文集』楊栄祥、胡勅瑞主編、北京大学出版社、2017年、10-12頁。

Pronunciation 1

Mandarin
(Pinyin): yǎn (yan³)

(Zhuyin): ㄧㄢˇ
Cantonese (Jyutping): jim²
Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): iám

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: yǎn
  - Zhuyin: ㄧㄢˇ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: yǎn
  - Wade–Giles: yen³
  - Yale: yǎn
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: yean
  - Palladius: янь (janʹ)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /jɛn²¹⁴/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
  - Jyutping: jim²
  - Yale: yím
  - Cantonese Pinyin: jim²
  - Guangdong Romanization: yim²
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /jiːm³⁵/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: iám
  - Tâi-lô: iám
  - Phofsit Daibuun: iarm
  - IPA (Xiamen): /iam⁵³/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /iam⁵⁵⁴/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /iam⁵³/
  - IPA (Taipei): /iam⁵³/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /iam⁴¹/

Middle Chinese: 'jemX

Rime
Character	奄
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	影 (34)
Final (韻)	鹽 (154)
Tone (調)	Rising (X)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	衣儉切
Baxter	'jemX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ʔˠiᴇm^X/
Pan Wuyun	/ʔᵚiɛm^X/
Shao Rongfen	/ʔiæm^X/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ʔjiam^X/
Li Rong	/ʔjɛm^X/
Wang Li	/ĭɛm^X/
Bernhard Karlgren	/ʔi̯ɛm^X/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	yǎn
Expected Cantonese Reflex	jim²

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*ʔ(r)omʔ/

(Zhengzhang): /*qromʔ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	奄
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	yǎn
Middle Chinese	‹ ʔjem^X ›
Old Chinese	/*ʔ(r)omʔ/
English	cover
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	奄
Reading #	1/1
No.	14344
Phonetic component
Rime group	談
Rime subdivision	3
Corresponding MC rime
Old Chinese	/*qromʔ/

Definitions

奄

(obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) to cover; to surround; to include
(obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) suddenly; abruptly; quickly; hastily

Compounds

奄忽
奄息
奄欻
奄然
奄然而逝

Pronunciation 2

Mandarin
(Pinyin): yǎn, yān

(Zhuyin): ㄧㄢˇ, ㄧㄢ
Cantonese (Jyutping): jim¹
Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): iám / iam / am

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese, standard in Mainland)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: yǎn
  - Zhuyin: ㄧㄢˇ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: yǎn
  - Wade–Giles: yen³
  - Yale: yǎn
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: yean
  - Palladius: янь (janʹ)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /jɛn²¹⁴/
- (Standard Chinese, standard in Taiwan; variant in Mainland)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: yān
  - Zhuyin: ㄧㄢ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: yan
  - Wade–Giles: yen¹
  - Yale: yān
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: ian
  - Palladius: янь (janʹ)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /jɛn⁵⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
  - Jyutping: jim¹
  - Yale: yīm
  - Cantonese Pinyin: jim¹
  - Guangdong Romanization: yim¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /jiːm⁵⁵/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: iám
  - Tâi-lô: iám
  - Phofsit Daibuun: iarm
  - IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /iam⁵³/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /iam⁵⁵⁴/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: iam
  - Tâi-lô: iam
  - Phofsit Daibuun: iafm
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /iam³³/
- (Hokkien: General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: am
  - Tâi-lô: am
  - Phofsit Daibuun: afm
  - IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /am⁴⁴/

Definitions

奄

(obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) feeble
a surname

Compounds

一息奄奄
奄奄 (yǎnyǎn)
奄奄一息
奄奄垂絕 / 奄奄垂绝
奄奄無力 / 奄奄无力
氣息奄奄 / 气息奄奄 (qìxīyānyān)

Pronunciation 3

Mandarin
(Pinyin): yān (yan¹)

(Zhuyin): ㄧㄢ
Cantonese (Jyutping): jim¹

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: yān
  - Zhuyin: ㄧㄢ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: yan
  - Wade–Giles: yen¹
  - Yale: yān
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: ian
  - Palladius: янь (janʹ)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /jɛn⁵⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
  - Jyutping: jim¹
  - Yale: yīm
  - Cantonese Pinyin: jim¹
  - Guangdong Romanization: yim¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /jiːm⁵⁵/

Definitions

奄

(obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) alternative form of 閹 / 阉 (yān, “to castrate; eunuch”)
(obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) alternative form of 淹 (yān, “to remain; to tarry”)

Compounds

奄尹
奄人 (yānrén)
奄宦
奄留
奄豎 / 奄竖

Japanese

Kanji

奄

(Jinmeiyō kanji)

Readings

Go-on: えん (en)^{←えん (en, historical)}^{←えむ (emu, ancient)}
Kan-on: えん (en)^{←えん (en, historical)}^{←えむ (emu, ancient)}
Kun: おおう (ōu, 奄う)^{←おほふ (ofofu, 奄ふ, historical)}、たちまち (tachimachi, 奄ち)、ふさがる (fusagaru, 奄がる)
Nanori: あま (ama)

Korean

Hanja

奄 • (eom) (hangeul 엄, revised eom, McCune–Reischauer ŏm)

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese

Han character

奄: Hán Nôm readings: yêm, yểm, ăm, im, em

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

References

Từ Điển Hán Nôm

[1] 陳剣「説“規”等字並論一些特別的形声字意符」『源遠流長――漢字国際学術検討会暨AEARU第三届漢字文化検討会論文集』楊栄祥、胡勅瑞主編、北京大学出版社、2017年、10-12頁。

[字源 1]