孔雀

Chinese

		hole; surname	bird; lentigo; sparrow
simp. and trad. (孔雀)		孔	雀

Etymology

孔 (kǒng, “peacock”) + 雀 (què); see 孔 (kǒng).

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): kǒngquè

(Zhuyin): ㄎㄨㄥˇ ㄑㄩㄝˋ
Cantonese
(Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): hung² zoek³

(Taishan, Wiktionary): kuung² diak²
Gan (Wiktionary): 'kung³ qioh⁶
Jin (Wiktionary): kung² qieh⁴
Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): khóng-chhiok / khóng-chhiak
Wu (Northern, Wugniu): ⁵khon-ciaq₇ / ³khon-ciaq₇

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: kǒngquè
  - Zhuyin: ㄎㄨㄥˇ ㄑㄩㄝˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: kǒngcyuè
  - Wade–Giles: kʻung³-chʻüeh⁴
  - Yale: kǔng-chywè
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: koongchiueh
  - Palladius: кунцюэ (kuncjue)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʰʊŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡ɕʰy̯ɛ⁵¹/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: hung² zoek³
  - Yale: húng jeuk
  - Cantonese Pinyin: hung² dzoek⁸
  - Guangdong Romanization: hung² zêg³
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /hʊŋ³⁵ t͡sœːk̚³/
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
  - Wiktionary: kuung² diak²
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʰɵŋ⁵⁵ tiak̚⁵⁵/
Gan
- (Nanchang)
  - Wiktionary: 'kung³ qioh⁶
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ˈkʰuŋ²¹³⁻¹³ t͡ɕʰiɔʔ⁵/
Jin
- (Taiyuan)⁺
  - Wiktionary: kung² qieh⁴
  - Sinological IPA (old-style): /kʰuŋ⁵³ t͡ɕʰiəʔ²/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, General Taiwanese, Penang)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: khóng-chhiok
  - Tâi-lô: khóng-tshiok
  - Phofsit Daibuun: qofngchiog
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /kʰɔŋ⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ t͡sʰiɔk̚³²/
  - IPA (Penang): /kʰɔŋ⁴⁴⁵⁻⁴⁴ t͡sʰiɔk̚³/
  - IPA (Xiamen, Taipei): /kʰɔŋ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡sʰiɔk̚³²/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /kʰɔŋ⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ t͡sʰiɔk̚⁵/
- (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: khóng-chhiak
  - Tâi-lô: khóng-tshiak
  - Phofsit Daibuun: qofngchiag
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /kʰɔŋ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡sʰiak̚³²/
Wu
- (Northern: Shanghai)
  - Wugniu: ⁵khon-ciaq₇
  - MiniDict: khon^去 ciah^入
  - Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ²khon-jiaq₄
  - Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /kʰoŋ³³ t͡ɕiaʔ⁴⁴/
- (Northern: Jiaxing)
  - Wugniu: ³khon-ciaq₇
  - MiniDict: khon^上 ciah^入
  - Sinological IPA (Jiaxing): /kʰoŋ¹³ t͡ɕiaʔ⁵⁵/

Middle Chinese: khuwngX tsjak

Rime
Character	孔	雀
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Initial (聲)	溪 (29)	精 (13)
Final (韻)	東 (1)	藥 (107)
Tone (調)	Rising (X)	Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	I	III
Fanqie	康董切	即略切
Baxter	khuwngX	tsjak
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/kʰuŋ^X/	/t͡sɨɐk̚/
Pan Wuyun	/kʰuŋ^X/	/t͡siɐk̚/
Shao Rongfen	/kʰuŋ^X/	/t͡siɑk̚/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/kʰəwŋ^X/	/t͡sɨak̚/
Li Rong	/kʰuŋ^X/	/t͡siak̚/
Wang Li	/kʰuŋ^X/	/t͡sĭak̚/
Bernhard Karlgren	/kʰuŋ^X/	/t͡si̯ak̚/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	kǒng	jue
Expected Cantonese Reflex	hung²	zoek³

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*[k]ʰˤoŋʔ [ts]ewk/

(Zhengzhang): /*kʰloːŋʔ ʔsewɢ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	孔	雀
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	kǒng	què
Middle Chinese	‹ khuwng^X ›	‹ tsjak ›
Old Chinese	/*[k]ʰˁoŋʔ/	/*[ts]ewk/
English	(surname)	sparrow
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	孔	雀
Reading #	1/1	1/1
No.	7489	10745
Phonetic component	孔	雀
Rime group	東	藥
Rime subdivision	0	2
Corresponding MC rime	孔	爵
Old Chinese	/*kʰloːŋʔ/	/*ʔsewɢ/
Notes	金文象就乳，與古候切從子殼聲字（說文乳也）同源

Noun

孔雀

peacock; peafowl (Classifier: 隻／只 m c)

Synonyms

(literary, or in compounds) 孔 (kǒng)

Derived terms

孔雀女 (kǒngquènǚ)
孔雀座 (Kǒngquèzuò)
孔雀明王 (Kǒngquè Míngwáng)
孔雀東南飛 / 孔雀东南飞
孔雀王朝 (Kǒngquè Wángcháo)
孔雀石 (kǒngquèshí)
孔雀綠 / 孔雀绿
孔雀舞 (kǒngquèwǔ)
孔雀藍 / 孔雀蓝
孔雀開屏 / 孔雀开屏
小實孔雀豆 / 小实孔雀豆
屏開金孔雀 / 屏开金孔雀

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (孔雀):

→ Japanese: 孔(く)雀(じゃく) (kujaku); 孔(く)雀(ざく) (kuzaku)
→ Korean: 공작(孔雀) (gongjak)
→ Vietnamese: khổng tước (孔雀)

Others:

→ Zhuang: gungjcoz
→ Salar: kunse

Japanese

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
孔	雀
く Grade: S	じゃく Jinmeiyō
goon	kan'yōon

/kuᵑ sʲakʉ/ → /kuⁿzʲakʉ/ → /kuʑaku/

Ultimately from Middle Chinese 孔雀 (MC khuwngX tsjak).

First cited in the Wamyō Ruijushō of roughly 934.^[1]

Pronunciation

(Tokyo) くじゃく [kùjákú] (Heiban – [0])^[2]^[3]
IPA^(key): [kɯ̟ʑa̠kɯ̟]

Noun

孔(く)雀(じゃく) or 孔雀(クジャク) • (kujaku)

[circa 934] a peafowl
Hypernym: 雉 (kiji)
[1768] (historical, colloquial) an upper-class prostitute especially in Edo-period Yoshiwara
from their gold-threaded patterns of peafowl, fenghuang, etc. on their fine clothes

Synonyms: see Thesaurus:娼婦
a 家紋 (kamon, “family crest”) with a design of a peacock's expanded tailfeathers

Usage notes

As with many terms that name organisms, this term is often spelled in katakana, especially in biological contexts (where katakana is customary), as クジャク (kujaku).
The genders can be distinguished by using 雄 (osu) and 雌 (mesu), as in 雄クジャク (osu kujaku, “peacock”) and 雌クジャク (mesu kujaku, “peahen”).

Derived terms

孔(く)雀(じゃく)王(おう) (Kujaku Ō)
孔(く)雀(じゃく)王(おう)朝(ちょう) (Kujaku Ōchō)
孔(ク)雀(ジャク)貝(ガイ) (kujakugai)
孔(く)雀(じゃく)経(きょう) (Kujaku-kyō)
くじゃく座(ざ) (Kujaku-za)
孔(ク)雀(ジャク)サボテン (kujaku saboten)
孔(ク)雀(ジャク)羊歯(シダ) (kujaku shida)
孔(く)雀(じゃく)絞(しぼ)り (kujaku shibori)
孔(く)雀(じゃく)石(せき) (kujakuseki)
孔(ク)雀(ジャク)草(ソウ) (kujakusō)
孔(く)雀(じゃく)染(ぞ)め (kujaku-zome)
孔(く)雀(じゃく)炭(たん) (kujakutan)
孔雀蝶(クジャクチョウ) (kujakuchō)
孔(ク)雀(ジャク)椿(ツバキ) (kujaku tsubaki)
孔(く)雀(じゃく)の木(き) (kujaku no ki)
孔(く)雀(じゃく)の間(ま) (kujaku no ma)
孔(ク)雀(ジャク)鳩(バト) (kujakubato)
孔(ク)雀(ジャク)檜(ヒ)葉(バ) (kujaku hiba)
孔(く)雀(じゃく)明(みょう)王(おう) (Kujaku Myōō)
孔(ク)雀(ジャク)椰(ヤ)子(シ) (kujaku yashi)
印(イン)度(ド)孔(ク)雀(ジャク) (Indo kujaku)
薄(ウス)葉(バ)孔(ク)雀(ジャク) (usuba kujaku)
沖(オキ)縄(ナワ)孔(ク)雀(ジャク) (Okinawa kujaku)
乙女(オトメ)孔(ク)雀(ジャク) (otome kujaku)
小(コ)孔(ク)雀(ジャク) (kokujaku)
白(シロ)孔(ク)雀(ジャク) (shirokujaku)
紅(べに)孔(く)雀(じゃく) (beni kujaku)
真(マ)孔(ク)雀(ジャク) (makujaku)
舞(マイ)孔(ク)雀(ジャク) (maikujaku)
藪(ヤブ)孔(ク)雀(ジャク) (yabukujaku)

Idioms

孔(く)雀(じゃく)の卵(たまご) (kujaku no tamago)
鳶(とび)が孔(く)雀(じゃく)を生(う)む (tobi ga kujaku o umu)

Proper noun

孔(く)雀(じゃく) • (Kujaku)

(astronomy, colloquial) short for くじゃく座 (Kujaku-za): Pavo

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
孔	雀
く Grade: S	さく > ざく Jinmeiyō
goon

/kuᵑ sakʉ/ → /kuⁿzakʉ/ → /kuzaku/

A variant shift from Middle Chinese 孔雀 (MC khuwngX tsjak).

First cited in the Utsubo Monogatari of roughly 999.^[1]

Noun

孔(く)雀(ざく) • (kuzaku)

[circa 999] (rare, obsolete) a peafowl

References

↑ ^1.0 ^1.1 Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典（新装版） [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
^ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN
^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

Korean

Hanja in this term
孔	雀

Noun

孔雀 • (gongjak) (hangeul 공작)

hanja form^? of 공작 (“peafowl”)

Vietnamese

chữ Hán Nôm in this term
孔	雀

Noun

孔雀

chữ Hán form of khổng tước (“peafowl”)

[KDJ-1] 1.0 ^1.1 Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典（新装版） [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN

[NHK-2] NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN

[DJR-3] Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

[1]

[2]

[3]

Chinese

Etymology

Pronunciation

Noun

Synonyms

Derived terms

Descendants

Japanese

Etymology 1

Pronunciation

Noun

Usage notes

Derived terms

Idioms

Proper noun

Etymology 2

Noun

See also

References

Korean

Noun

Vietnamese

Noun