雀
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Translingual
Han character
雀 (Kangxi radical 172, 隹+3, 11 strokes, cangjie input 火人土 (FOG), four-corner 90214, composition ⿱小隹)
Derived characters
References
- Kangxi Dictionary: page 1364, character 20
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 41954
- Dae Jaweon: page 1868, character 11
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 6, page 4091, character 7
- Unihan data for U+96C0
Chinese
| simp. and trad. |
雀 | |
|---|---|---|
| alternative forms | 䲵 | |
Glyph origin
| Historical forms of the character 雀 | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Shang | Western Zhou | Warring States | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) |
| Oracle bone script | Bronze inscriptions | Chu slip and silk script | Small seal script |
Ideogrammic compound (會意 / 会意): 小 (“small”) + 隹 (“bird”) – a small bird, a sparrow.
In the current form, the upper part looks like 少, but what looks like the bottom stroke of 少 is actually the upper left stroke of 隹, extended.
Etymology
(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
Pronunciation
- Mandarin
- Cantonese
- Gan (Wiktionary): qioh6
- Hakka
- Jin (Wiktionary): qieh4
- Eastern Min (BUC): chiók
- Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): cyorh6 / cyoeh6 / zia5
- Southern Min
- Wu (Northern, Wugniu): 7chiaq / 7ciaq / 7tshiaq / 7tsiaq
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin: què
- Zhuyin: ㄑㄩㄝˋ
- Tongyong Pinyin: cyuè
- Wade–Giles: chʻüeh4
- Yale: chywè
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: chiueh
- Palladius: цюэ (cjue)
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡ɕʰy̯ɛ⁵¹/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin: qiǎo
- Zhuyin: ㄑㄧㄠˇ
- Tongyong Pinyin: ciǎo
- Wade–Giles: chʻiao3
- Yale: chyǎu
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: cheau
- Palladius: цяо (cjao)
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡ɕʰi̯ɑʊ̯²¹⁴/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin: qiāo
- Zhuyin: ㄑㄧㄠ
- Tongyong Pinyin: ciao
- Wade–Giles: chʻiao1
- Yale: chyāu
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: chiau
- Palladius: цяо (cjao)
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡ɕʰi̯ɑʊ̯⁵⁵/
- (Chengdu)
- Sichuanese Pinyin: quo2
- Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: kiuo
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡ɕʰyo²¹/
- (Xi'an)
- Guanzhong Pinyin: qiào
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡ɕʰiau⁵³/
- (Nanjing)
- Nanjing Pinyin: cho̊q / cio̊q
- Nanjing Pinyin (numbered): choq5 / cioq5
- Sinological IPA (key): /ʈ͡ʂʰoʔ⁵/, /t͡sʰioʔ⁵/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: zoek3 / zoek3-2
- Yale: jeuk / jéuk
- Cantonese Pinyin: dzoek8 / dzoek8-2
- Guangdong Romanization: zêg3 / zêg3-2
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡sœːk̚³/, /t͡sœːk̚³⁻³⁵/
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
- Wiktionary: diak2 / diak4 / diak4*
- Sinological IPA (key): /tiak̚⁵⁵/, /tiak̚²¹/, /tiak̚²¹⁻²¹⁵/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Gan
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chiok
- Hakka Romanization System: jiogˋ
- Hagfa Pinyim: jiog5
- Sinological IPA: /t͡si̯ok̚²/
- (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
- Hakka Romanization System: ziog
- Sinological IPA: /t͡siok⁵/
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Jin
- Eastern Min
- Puxian Min
- (Putian)
- Pouseng Ping'ing: cyorh6
- Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: chio̤h
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡sʰyɒʔ²¹/
- (Xianyou)
- Pouseng Ping'ing: cyoeh6
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡sʰyøʔ²/
- (Putian)
- Pouseng Ping'ing: zia5
- Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: ciā
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡sia¹¹/
- (Xianyou)
- Pouseng Ping'ing: zia5
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡sia²¹/
- (Putian)
Note:
- cyorh6, cyoeh6 - literary;
- zia5 - vernacular.
- Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, General Taiwanese)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chhiok
- Tâi-lô: tshiok
- Phofsit Daibuun: chiog
- IPA (Xiamen, Taipei, Kaohsiung): /t͡sʰiɔk̚³²/
- IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡sʰiɔk̚⁵/
- (Hokkien: Zhangzhou, variant in Taiwan)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chhiak
- Tâi-lô: tshiak
- Phofsit Daibuun: chiag
- IPA (Zhangzhou, Kaohsiung): /t͡sʰiak̚³²/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chiok
- Tâi-lô: tsiok
- Phofsit Daibuun: ciog
- IPA (Xiamen): /t͡siɔk̚³²/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, General Taiwanese)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chiah
- Tâi-lô: tsiah
- Phofsit Daibuun: ciaq
- IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡siaʔ⁵/
- IPA (Xiamen, Taipei, Kaohsiung): /t͡siaʔ³²/
- (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chehⁿ
- Tâi-lô: tsennh
- Phofsit Daibuun: zveq
- IPA (Zhangzhou): /t͡sɛ̃ʔ³²/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chioh
- Tâi-lô: tsioh
- Phofsit Daibuun: cioiq
- IPA (Xiamen): /t͡sioʔ³²/
- (Hokkien: General Taiwanese)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chhek
- Tâi-lô: tshik
- Phofsit Daibuun: zheg
- IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /t͡sʰiɪk̚³²/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, General Taiwanese)
Note:
- chhiok/chhiak/chiok - literary;
- chiah/chehⁿ - vernacular (limited, e.g. 雀盲);
- chioh, chhek - vernacular.
- (Teochew)
- Peng'im: ciag4 / ziah4 / ziaoh4 / ziouh4
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tshiak / tsiah / tsiauh / tsiouh
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡sʰiak̚²/, /t͡siaʔ²/, /t͡siauʔ²/, /t͡siouʔ²/
Note:
- ciag4 - literary;
- ziah4 - vernacular;
- ziaoh4/ziouh4 - dialectal (e.g. 雀盲) (ziouh4 - Chaozhou).
- Wu
- (Northern: Shanghai, Chongming, Jiaxing, Haining, Hangzhou, Shaoxing, Ningbo)
- Wugniu: 7chiaq
- MiniDict: chiah入
- MiniDict: chieh入
- Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): 4qiaq
- Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /t͡ɕʰiaʔ⁵⁵/
- Sinological IPA (Chongming): /t͡ɕʰiɑʔ⁵/
- Sinological IPA (Jiaxing): /t͡ɕʰiaʔ⁵⁵/
- Sinological IPA (Haining): /t͡ɕʰiaʔ⁵⁵/
- Sinological IPA (Hangzhou): /t͡ɕʰiɑʔ⁵⁵/
- Sinological IPA (Shaoxing): /t͡ɕʰiaʔ⁴⁵/
- Sinological IPA (Ningbo): /t͡ɕʰiɐʔ⁵⁵/
- (Northern: Shanghai, Chongming, Jiaxing, Haining, Ningbo)
- (Northern: Songjiang, Suzhou, Changzhou, Tongxiang)
- (Northern: Songjiang, Suzhou)
- (Northern: Shanghai, Chongming, Jiaxing, Haining, Hangzhou, Shaoxing, Ningbo)
- Dialectal data
- Middle Chinese: tsjak
- Old Chinese
- (Baxter–Sagart): /*[ts]ewk/
- (Zhengzhang): /*ʔsewɢ/
Definitions
雀
- sparrow, especially the Eurasian tree sparrow (Passer montanus)
- 誰謂雀無角，何以穿我屋。 [Pre-Classical Chinese, trad.]
- From: The Classic of Poetry, c. 11th – 7th centuries BCE, translated based on James Legge's version
- Shéi wèi què wú jiǎo, héyǐ chuān wǒ wū. [Pinyin]
- Who can say the sparrow has no horn?
How else could it bore through my house?
谁谓雀无角，何以穿我屋。 [Pre-Classical Chinese, simp.]
- small bird
- (literary) dark red; brownish red
- (Cantonese, dialectal Hakka) bird (Classifier: 隻／只 c)
- (Cantonese, Jinhua Wu, colloquial) penis (Classifier: 隻／只 c)
- a surname
Synonyms
Dialectal synonyms of 麻雀 (“sparrow”) [map]
Dialectal synonyms of 鳥 (“bird”) [map]
Dialectal synonyms of 陰莖 (“penis; male genitalia”) [map]
Compounds
- 五雀六燕
- 以珠彈雀 / 以珠弹雀
- 叉麻雀
- 夯雀先飛 / 夯雀先飞
- 孔雀 (kǒngquè)
- 孔雀王朝 (Kǒngquè Wángcháo)
- 孔雀石 (kǒngquèshí)
- 孔雀綠 / 孔雀绿
- 孔雀舞 (kǒngquèwǔ)
- 孔雀開屏 / 孔雀开屏
- 怡堂燕雀
- 打麻雀 (dǎ máquè)
- 掩目捕雀 (yǎnmùbǔquè)
- 掩雀捕蟬 / 掩雀捕蝉
- 旋木雀
- 明珠彈雀 / 明珠弹雀
- 朱雀 (zhūquè)
- 朱雀橋 / 朱雀桥
- 欣喜雀躍 / 欣喜雀跃 (xīnxǐ quèyuè)
- 為叢敺雀 / 为丛驱雀 (wèicóngqūquè)
- 為叢驅雀 / 为丛驱雀 (wèicóngqūquè)
- 燕雀 (yànquè)
- 燕雀伍
- 燕雀相賀 / 燕雀相贺
- 燕雀處堂 / 燕雀处堂
- 燕雀處屋 / 燕雀处屋
- 白翎雀
- 禾花雀
- 禾雀 (héquè)
- 笨雀先飛 / 笨雀先飞
- 羅雀掘鼠 / 罗雀掘鼠
- 羅雀門 / 罗雀门
- 連雀 / 连雀
- 金絲雀 / 金丝雀 (jīnsīquè)
- 金翅雀
- 金雀花
- 金雀記 / 金雀记
- 銅雀 / 铜雀
- 銅雀臺 / 铜雀台
- 門可羅雀 / 门可罗雀 (ménkěluóquè)
- 隨珠彈雀 / 随珠弹雀
- 雀屏
- 雀屏中目
- 雀屏中選 / 雀屏中选
- 雀巢
- 雀弁
- 雀息
- 雀戰 / 雀战
- 雀斑
- 雀榕 (quèróng)
- 雀盲
- 雀瞀
- 雀羅 / 雀罗
- 雀舌
- 雀角鼠牙
- 雀躍 / 雀跃 (quèyuè)
- 雀釵 / 雀钗
- 雀頂 / 雀顶
- 雀鯛 / 雀鲷
- 雀鷹 / 雀鹰
- 雀麥 / 雀麦
- 雀鼠
- 雀鼠耗
- 雪雀 (xuěquè)
- 雲雀 / 云雀 (yúnquè)
- 青雀
- 鳧趨雀躍 / 凫趋雀跃
- 鴉雀不聞 / 鸦雀不闻
- 鴉雀無聞 / 鸦雀无闻
- 鴉雀無聲 / 鸦雀无声 (yāquèwúshēng)
- 鴉默雀靜 / 鸦默雀静 (yāmoqiǎojìng)
- 鴳雀 / 𫛩雀
- 鷹抓燕雀 / 鹰抓燕雀
- 鸛雀樓 / 鹳雀楼
- 麻雀 (máquè)
- 麻雀席
- 麻雀牌 (máquèpái)
- 黃雀 / 黄雀 (huángquè)
- 黃雀伺蟬 / 黄雀伺蝉
- 黃雀銜環 / 黄雀衔环
- 鼠牙雀角
References
- “雀”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)[1], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
Japanese
Kanji
雀
Readings
Compounds
Etymology
| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 雀 |
| すずめ Jinmeiyō |
| kun'yomi |
(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
Pronunciation
Noun
雀 or 雀 • (suzume)
- Eurasian tree sparrow (Passer montanus)
- Synonym: 黄雀 (kōjaku)
Usage notes
As with many terms that name organisms, this term is often spelled in katakana, especially in biological contexts (where katakana is customary).
Derived terms
References
- ^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
- ^ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN
Korean
Etymology
(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium. Particularly: “Middle Korean readings, if any”)
Pronunciation
- (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [t͡ɕa̠k̚]
- Phonetic hangul: [작]
Hanja
雀 • (jak) (hangeul 작, revised jak, McCune–Reischauer chak, Yale cak)
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Vietnamese
Han character
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
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