學生

See also: 学生

Chinese

	learn; study; science learn; study; science; ‑ology	to be born; to give birth; life to be born; to give birth; life; to grow; student; raw
trad. (學生)	學	生
simp. (学生)	学	生
anagram	生學／生学

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Standard)
(Pinyin): xuéshēng

(Zhuyin): ㄒㄩㄝˊ ㄕㄥ

(Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): xüo² sen¹

(Dungan, Cyrillic and Wiktionary): щүәсын (xüəsɨn, I-II)
Cantonese
(Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): hok⁶ saang¹ / hok⁶ sang¹

(Taishan, Wiktionary): hok⁵ sang^1*
Hakka
(Sixian, PFS): ho̍k-sâng

(Hailu, HRS): hog^ˋ sang^ˋ
Jin (Wiktionary): xyeh⁵ seng¹
Eastern Min (BUC): hŏk-sĕng
Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): hah⁷ seng¹
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): ha̍k-seng / ha̍k-sng

(Teochew, Peng'im): hag⁸ sêng¹
Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): ⁸ghoq-san

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: xuéshēng → xuésheng (toneless final syllable variant)
  - Zhuyin: ㄒㄩㄝˊ ㄕㄥ → ㄒㄩㄝˊ ˙ㄕㄥ (toneless final syllable variant)
  - Tongyong Pinyin: syuéshe̊ng
  - Wade–Giles: hsüeh²-shêng⁵
  - Yale: sywé-sheng
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shyue.sheng
  - Palladius: сюэшэн (sjuešɛn)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɕy̯ɛ³⁵ ʂɤŋ⁵⁵/ → /ɕy̯ɛ³⁵ ʂɤŋ³/
- (Chengdu)
  - Sichuanese Pinyin: xüo² sen¹
  - Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: xiuosen
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɕyo²¹ sən⁵⁵/
- (Dungan)
  - Cyrillic and Wiktionary: щүәсын (xüəsɨn, I-II)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɕyə²⁴ səŋ⁵¹/
  (Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: hok⁶ saang¹ / hok⁶ sang¹
  - Yale: hohk sāang / hohk sāng
  - Cantonese Pinyin: hok⁹ saang¹ / hok⁹ sang¹
  - Guangdong Romanization: hog⁶ sang¹ / hog⁶ seng¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /hɔːk̚² saːŋ⁵⁵/, /hɔːk̚² sɐŋ⁵⁵/
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
  - Wiktionary: hok⁵ sang^1*
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /hɔk̚³² saŋ³³⁻³³⁵/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: ho̍k-sâng
  - Hakka Romanization System: hog sang^ˊ
  - Hagfa Pinyim: hog⁶ sang¹
  - Sinological IPA: /hok̚⁵ saŋ²⁴/
- (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
  - Hakka Romanization System: hog^ˋ sang^ˋ
  - Sinological IPA: /hok² saŋ⁵³/
Jin
- (Taiyuan)⁺
  - Wiktionary: xyeh⁵ seng¹
  - Sinological IPA (old-style): /ɕyəʔ⁵⁴ səŋ¹¹/
Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: hŏk-sĕng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /houʔ⁵⁻⁵⁵ sɛiŋ⁵⁵/
Puxian Min
- (Putian)
  - Pouseng Ping'ing: hah⁷ seng¹ [Phonetic: hah⁶ seng¹]
  - Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: ha̍h-seng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /haʔ⁴⁻²¹ ɬɛŋ⁵³³/
- (Xianyou)
  - Pouseng Ping'ing: hah⁷ seng¹ [Phonetic: hah⁶ seng¹]
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /haʔ⁴⁻² ɬɛŋ⁵⁴⁴/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Kaohsiung, Taipei, Hsinchu, Lukang, Kinmen, Magong, Sanxia, Taichung, Tainan, Yilan, Penang, Singapore)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ha̍k-seng
  - Tâi-lô: ha̍k-sing
  - Phofsit Daibuun: hagsefng
  - IPA (Yilan): /hak̚⁵⁻² siɪŋ⁴⁴/
  - IPA (Singapore): /hak̚⁴³⁻²¹ seŋ⁴⁴/
  - IPA (Penang): /hak̚⁴⁻³ seŋ³³/
  - IPA (Lukang): /hak̚³⁵⁻² siɪŋ³³/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /hak̚¹²¹⁻²¹ siɪŋ⁴⁴/
  - IPA (Tainan): /hak̚⁴⁻¹ siɪŋ⁴⁴/
  - IPA (Kinmen): /hak̚⁵⁴⁻³² siɪŋ⁴⁴/
  - IPA (Xiamen, Kaohsiung, Taipei): /hak̚⁴⁻³² siɪŋ⁴⁴/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou, Jinjiang, Philippines)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ha̍k-sng
  - Tâi-lô: ha̍k-sng
  - Phofsit Daibuun: hagsngf
  - IPA (Quanzhou, Jinjiang, Philippines): /hak̚²⁴⁻² sŋ̍³³/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: hag⁸ sêng¹
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: ha̍k seng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /hak̚⁴⁻² seŋ³³/
Wu
- (Northern: Shanghai)
  - Wugniu: ⁸ghoq-san
  - MiniDict: ghoh^入 san
  - Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ⁵hhoq-san
  - Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /ɦoʔ¹¹ sã²³/

Middle Chinese: haewk sraeng

Rime
Character	學	生
Reading #	1/1	1/2
Initial (聲)	匣 (33)	生 (21)
Final (韻)	覺 (10)	庚 (109)
Tone (調)	Checked (Ø)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	II	II
Fanqie	胡覺切	所庚切
Baxter	haewk	sraeng
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ɦˠʌk̚/	/ʃˠæŋ/
Pan Wuyun	/ɦᵚɔk̚/	/ʃᵚaŋ/
Shao Rongfen	/ɣɔk̚/	/ʃaŋ/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ɦaɨwk̚/	/ʂaɨjŋ/
Li Rong	/ɣɔk̚/	/ʃɐŋ/
Wang Li	/ɣɔk̚/	/ʃɐŋ/
Bernhard Karlgren	/ɣɔk̚/	/ʂɐŋ/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	xué	shēng
Expected Cantonese Reflex	hok⁶	sang¹

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*m-kˤruk sreŋ/

(Zhengzhang): /*ɡruːɡ sʰleːŋ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	學	生
Reading #	1/1	2/3
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	xué	shēng
Middle Chinese	‹ hæwk ›	‹ sræng ›
Old Chinese	/*m-kˁruk/	/*sreŋ/
English	study; imitate	fresh, raw
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	學	生
Reading #	1/1	1/2
No.	14079	11312
Phonetic component	學	生
Rime group	覺	耕
Rime subdivision	1	0
Corresponding MC rime	學	生
Old Chinese	/*ɡruːɡ/	/*sʰleːŋ/
Notes	甲文象習持爻於膝前，金文方加子

Noun

學生

student; pupil (Classifier: 位 m)
學生時代／学生时代 ― xuéshēng shídài ― student days

學生手冊／学生手册 ― xuéshēng shǒucè ― student handbook

一位認真的學生／一位认真的学生 ― yī wèi rènzhēn de xuéshēng ― a conscientious student

提高學生素質／提高学生素质 ― tígāo xuéshēng sùzhì ― to improve the calibre of students

誘發學生寫作興趣的方法 [MSC, trad.]
诱发学生写作兴趣的方法 [MSC, simp.]
yòufā xuéshēng xiězuò xìngqù de fāngfǎ [Pinyin]
methods of arousing students' interest in writing

我不是學生，我是工程師。 [MSC, trad.]
我不是学生，我是工程师。 [MSC, simp.]
Wǒ bù shì xuéshēng, wǒ shì gōngchéngshī. [Pinyin]
I am not a student, I am an engineer.

大多數學生考完了試。 [MSC, trad.]
大多数学生考完了试。 [MSC, simp.]
Dàduōshù xuéshēng kǎo wán le shì. [Pinyin]
Most of the students have finished the exam.

學生身邊帶著手機。 [MSC, trad.]
学生身边带着手机。 [MSC, simp.]
Xuéshēng shēnbiān dài zhe shǒujī. [Pinyin]
The students have mobile phones with them.

請你們選出幾位學生代表來參加。 [MSC, trad.]
请你们选出几位学生代表来参加。 [MSC, simp.]
Qǐng nǐmen xuǎnchū jǐ wèi xuéshēng dàibiǎo lái cānjiā. [Pinyin]
Please select a few student representatives to participate.
disciple; follower (Classifier: 位 m)

Synonyms

(student):

edit

學員 / 学员 (xuéyuán) (especially one who studies outside the usual educational system)
學堂生 / 学堂生 (Xiamen Hokkien, Zhangzhou Hokkien)
學子 / 学子 (xuézǐ) (literary)
學徒 / 学徒 (xuétú) (literary)
學生仔 / 学生仔 (Hakka, Xiamen Hokkien)
學生子 / 学生子 (Wu)
生徒 (shēngtú) (literary)

(disciple):

edit

學師仔 / 学师仔 (hok⁶ si¹ zai²) (Cantonese)
學徒 / 学徒 (xuétú)
學徒工 / 学徒工 (xuétúgōng)
師仔 / 师仔 (Hokkien, Taishanese)
師仔工 / 师仔工 (Hokkien)
師哥 / 师哥 (shīgē) (Longyan Min)
師囝 / 师囝 (sai¹ gian²) (Teochew)
弟子 (dìzǐ)
徒工 (túgōng)
徒弟 (túdì)
徒弟伢子 (dou² di⁴ nga² zr) (Xiang)
徒弟娃兒 / 徒弟娃儿 (tu² di⁴ war²) (Sichuanese)
門人 / 门人 (ménrén)
門徒 / 门徒 (méntú)
門生 / 门生 (ménshēng) (literary)

Derived terms

中學生 / 中学生 (zhōngxuéshēng)
國際學生 / 国际学生 (guójì xuéshēng)
大學生 / 大学生 (dàxuéshēng)
學生仔 / 学生仔
學生伴 / 学生伴
學生哥 / 学生哥
學生妹 / 学生妹 (xuéshēngmèi)
學生會 / 学生会 (xuéshenghuì)
學生腔 / 学生腔 (xuéshēngqiāng)
學生裝 / 学生装 (xuéshēngzhuāng)
學生證 / 学生证 (xuéshēngzhèng)
學生運動 / 学生运动 (xuéshēng yùndòng)
小學生 / 小学生 (xiǎoxuéshēng)
有狀元學生，無狀元先生 / 有状元学生，无状元先生

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (學生):

→ Japanese: 学(がく)生(せい) (gakusei)
→ Okinawan: 学(がく)生(そー) (gakusō)
→ Korean: 학생(學生) (haksaeng)
→ Jeju: ᄒᆞᆨ셍 (hawkseng)
→ Vietnamese: học sinh (學生)

Other:

→ Zhuang: hagseng

Japanese

Kanji in this term
學	生
がく Hyōgai	せい Grade: 1
on'yomi

Noun

學(がく)生(せい) • (gakusei)

Kyūjitai form of 学生: student

Korean

Hanja in this term
學	生

Noun

學生 • (haksaeng) (hangeul 학생)

hanja form^? of 학생 (“student”)

Vietnamese

chữ Hán Nôm in this term
學	生

Noun

學生

chữ Hán form of học sinh
1. (archaic, education) a student
2. (primary and secondary education) a pupil; a schoolchild/schoolkid
  Coordinate terms: 學員 (học viên), 生員 (sinh viên), 研究生 (nghiên cứu sinh)