慨

慨	U+6168, 慨 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-6168

← 慧
[U+6167]

CJK Unified Ideographs

慩 →
[U+6169]

慨	U+FA3E, 慨 CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-FA3E

← 悔
[U+FA3D]

CJK Compatibility Ideographs

憎 →
[U+FA3F]

Translingual

Han character

慨 (Kangxi radical 61, 心+9 in Chinese, 心+10 in Japanese, 12 strokes in Chinese, 13 strokes in Japanese, cangjie input 心日戈山 (PAIU), four-corner 9101₄, composition ⿰忄既)

Derived characters

𡁙

References

Kangxi Dictionary: page 399, character 24
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 11122
Dae Jaweon: page 739, character 11
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2331, character 12
Unihan data for U+6168

Unihan data for U+FA3E

Chinese

trad.		慨
simp. ^#		慨
alternative forms		嘅

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (旡) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
溉	kɯːds, kɯds
槩	*kɯːds
概	*kɯːds
摡	kɯːds, qʰɯds
慨	*kʰɯːds
嘅	*kʰɯːds
穊	*krɯds
暨	ɡrɯds, kɯds, *krɯd
鱀	ɡrɯds, ɡɯs
塈	ɡrɯds, qʰɯds
既	*kɯds
旡	*kɯds
蔇	*kɯds
炁	*kʰɯds
櫭	*ɡrad
曁	*kɯd

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *kʰɯːds): semantic 心 (“heart”) + phonetic 既 (OC *kɯds).

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): kǎi (kai³)

(Zhuyin): ㄎㄞˇ
Cantonese (Jyutping): koi² / koi³
Hakka (Sixian, PFS): khói
Eastern Min (BUC): kái
Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): khài
Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): ⁵khe

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: kǎi
  - Zhuyin: ㄎㄞˇ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: kǎi
  - Wade–Giles: kʻai³
  - Yale: kǎi
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: kae
  - Palladius: кай (kaj)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʰaɪ̯²¹⁴/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
  - Jyutping: koi² / koi³
  - Yale: kói / koi
  - Cantonese Pinyin: koi² / koi³
  - Guangdong Romanization: koi² / koi³
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʰɔːi̯³⁵/, /kʰɔːi̯³³/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: khói
  - Hakka Romanization System: koi^ˋ
  - Hagfa Pinyim: koi³
  - Sinological IPA: /kʰoi̯³¹/
Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: kái
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʰɑi²¹³/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: khài
  - Tâi-lô: khài
  - Phofsit Daibuun: qaix
  - IPA (Xiamen): /kʰai²¹/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /kʰai⁴¹/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /kʰai²¹/
  - IPA (Taipei): /kʰai¹¹/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /kʰai²¹/
Wu
- (Northern: Shanghai)
  - Wugniu: ⁵khe
  - MiniDict: khe^去
  - Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ²khe
  - Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /kʰe³⁴/

Middle Chinese: khojH

Rime
Character	慨
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	溪 (29)
Final (韻)	咍 (41)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	I
Fanqie	苦蓋切
Baxter	khojH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/kʰʌi^H/
Pan Wuyun	/kʰəi^H/
Shao Rongfen	/kʰɒi^H/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/kʰəj^H/
Li Rong	/kʰᴀi^H/
Wang Li	/kʰɒi^H/
Bernhard Karlgren	/kʰɑ̆i^H/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	kài
Expected Cantonese Reflex	hoi³

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*[kʰ]ˤə[t]-s/

(Zhengzhang): /*kʰɯːds/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	慨
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	kài
Middle Chinese	‹ khoj^H ›
Old Chinese	/*[kʰ]ˁə[t]-s/
English	disappointed
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	慨
Reading #	1/1
No.	5814
Phonetic component	旡
Rime group	隊
Rime subdivision	1
Corresponding MC rime	磕
Old Chinese	/*kʰɯːds/

Definitions

慨

Compounds

悲歌慷慨
慨允
慨嘆 / 慨叹 (kǎitàn)
慨恨
慨慨
感慨 (gǎnkǎi)
慨想
感慨萬千 / 感慨万千
慨慷 (kǎikāng)
慨憤 / 慨愤
慨歎 / 慨叹 (kǎitàn)
慨然 (kǎirán)
慨然允諾 / 慨然允诺
慨然應允 / 慨然应允
慨然領諾 / 慨然领诺
慷他人之慨 (kāng tārén zhī kǎi)
慷慨 (kāngkǎi)
慷慨仗義 / 慷慨仗义
慷慨悲歌
慷慨捐生
慷慨擔承 / 慷慨担承
慷慨激昂 (kāngkǎijī'áng)
慷慨激烈
慷慨解囊 (kāngkǎijiěnáng)
慷慨赴義 / 慷慨赴义
慷慨陳詞 / 慷慨陈词
憤慨 / 愤慨 (fènkǎi)
激昂慷慨
軫慨 / 轸慨

References

“慨”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎^[2], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

Japanese

Shinjitai	慨
Kyūjitai ^[1]	慨 `慨` or 慨+`︀`^?
	慨󠄁 慨+`󠄁`^? (Adobe-Japan1)
	慨󠄈 慨+`󠄈`^? (Hanyo-Denshi) (Moji_Joho)
The displayed kanji may be different from the image due to your environment. See here for details.

Kanji

慨

(Jōyō kanji, shinjitai kanji, kyūjitai form 慨)

rue, lament, be sad
sigh

Readings

Go-on: かい (kai)
Kan-on: かい (kai)
Kan’yō-on: がい (gai, Jōyō)
Kun: なげく (nageku, 慨く)

References

^ “慨”, in 漢字ぺディア [Kanjipedia]‎^[1] (in Japanese), The Japan Kanji Aptitude Testing Foundation, 2015–2025

Korean

Hanja

慨 • (gae) (hangeul 개, revised gae, McCune–Reischauer kae, Yale kay)

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese

Han character

慨: Hán Nôm readings: khái, khới

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

[1] “慨”, in 漢字ぺディア [Kanjipedia]‎^[1] (in Japanese), The Japan Kanji Aptitude Testing Foundation, 2015–2025

[1]