燭
See also: 烛
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Translingual
Han character
燭 (Kangxi radical 86, 火+13, 17 strokes, cangjie input 火田中戈 (FWLI), four-corner 96827, composition ⿰火蜀)
References
- Kangxi Dictionary: page 685, character 11
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 19480
- Dae Jaweon: page 1098, character 3
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 2241, character 2
- Unihan data for U+71ED
Chinese
| trad. | 燭 | |
|---|---|---|
| simp. | 烛* | |
Glyph origin
| Historical forms of the character 燭 |
|---|
| Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) |
| Small seal script |
Characters in the same phonetic series (蜀) (Zhengzhang, 2003)
| Old Chinese | |
|---|---|
| 襡 | *toːʔ, *toːɡs, *doːʔ, *doːɡ, *djoɡ |
| 噣 | *toːɡs, *tuɡs, *rtoːɡ, *tjoɡ |
| 斣 | *toːɡs |
| 歜 | *sdoːmʔ, *tʰjoɡ |
| 斀 | *rtoːɡ |
| 孎 | *rtoːɡ, *toɡ |
| 濁 | *rdoːɡ |
| 鐲 | *rdoːɡ, *zroːɡ, *djoɡ |
| 鸀 | *rdoːɡ, *tjoɡ |
| 擉 | *sʰroːɡ |
| 獨 | *doːɡ |
| 髑 | *doːɡ |
| 韣 | *doːɡ, *tjoɡ, *djoɡ |
| 斸 | *toɡ |
| 钃 | *toɡ |
| 欘 | *toɡ |
| 躅 | *doɡ |
| 蠋 | *doɡ, *tjoɡ |
| 燭 | *tjoɡ |
| 囑 | *tjoɡ |
| 矚 | *tjoɡ |
| 屬 | *tjoɡ, *djoɡ |
| 属 | *tjoɡ, *djoɡ |
| 蠾 | *tjoɡ, *djoɡ |
| 觸 | *tʰjoɡ |
| 臅 | *tʰjoɡ |
| 觕 | *sʰlaː, *zlaːʔ, *tʰjoɡ |
| 蜀 | *djoɡ |
Etymology
Compare Tibetan དུགས་པ (dugs pa, “to make warm, to warm, to light”) and Burmese တောက် (tauk, “to shine, to illuminate, to make fire”) (Hill, 2019). From this, one can reconstruct Proto-Sino-Tibetan *təwk.
Pronunciation
- Mandarin
- Cantonese (Jyutping): zuk1
- Hakka (Sixian, PFS): chuk
- Eastern Min (BUC): ciók
- Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): zorh6
- Southern Min
- Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): 7tsoq
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin: zhú
- Zhuyin: ㄓㄨˊ
- Tongyong Pinyin: jhú
- Wade–Giles: chu2
- Yale: jú
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jwu
- Palladius: чжу (čžu)
- Sinological IPA (key): /ʈ͡ʂu³⁵/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: zuk1
- Yale: jūk
- Cantonese Pinyin: dzuk7
- Guangdong Romanization: zug1
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡sʊk̚⁵/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chuk
- Hakka Romanization System: zugˋ
- Hagfa Pinyim: zug5
- Sinological IPA: /t͡suk̚²/
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Eastern Min
- Puxian Min
- (Putian)
- Pouseng Ping'ing: zorh6
- Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: co̤h
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡sɒʔ²¹/
- (Xianyou)
- Pouseng Ping'ing: zorh6
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡sɒʔ²/
- (Putian)
- Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chiak
- Tâi-lô: tsiak
- Phofsit Daibuun: ciag
- IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡siak̚⁵/
- (Hokkien: General Taiwanese, Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chek
- Tâi-lô: tsik
- Phofsit Daibuun: zeg
- IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung, Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /t͡siɪk̚³²/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou, General Taiwanese, Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chiok
- Tâi-lô: tsiok
- Phofsit Daibuun: ciog
- IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡siɔk̚⁵/
- IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung, Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /t͡siɔk̚³²/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
Note:
- chiak/chek - vernacular;
- chiok - literary.
- Dialectal data
- Middle Chinese: tsyowk
- Old Chinese
- (Baxter–Sagart): /*tok/
- (Zhengzhang): /*tjoɡ/
Definitions
燭
- candle; taper
- to shine; to illuminate
- 明哲煌煌，旁燭無疆，遜於不虞，以保天命，譔《問明》。 [Traditional Chinese poetry, trad.]
- From: Yang Xiong, Fa Yan (Exemplary Sayings), 9 CE
- Míngzhé huáng huáng, páng zhú wújiāng, xùn yú bùyú, yǐ bǎo tiānmìng, quán “wèn míng”. [Pinyin]
- When wisdom is splendid and bright, shining everywhere without limit, one may avoid unforeseen dangers and protect his Heaven-decreed destiny. Thus, I have written "Asking about Seeing Clearly."
明哲煌煌，旁烛无疆，逊于不虞，以保天命，撰《问明》。 [Traditional Chinese poetry, simp.]
- (Taiwanese Hokkien) candlepower (unit)
Synonyms
Dialectal synonyms of 蠟燭 (“candle”) [map]
Compounds
Descendants
- → Bouyei: xugt (“candle”)
References
- “燭”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)[1], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
Japanese
| 烛 | |
| 燭 |
Kanji
燭
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Readings
Compounds
Etymology 1
| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 燭 |
| しょく Jinmeiyō |
| kan'on |
Pronunciation
Noun
燭 • (shoku)
- a light (source of illumination)
- a candlepower
- Synonym: 燭光
Counter
燭 • (-shoku)
- a candlepower
- Synonym: 燭光
Etymology 2
| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 燭 |
| ともしび Jinmeiyō |
| kun'yomi |
| For pronunciation and definitions of 燭 – see the following entry. | ||
| ||
| (This term, 燭, is an alternative spelling of the above term.) |
Korean
Etymology
(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium. Particularly: “Middle Korean readings, if any”)
Pronunciation
- (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [t͡ɕʰo̞k̚]
- Phonetic hangul: [촉]
Hanja
燭 • (chok) (hangeul 촉)
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
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Vietnamese
Han character
燭: Hán Nôm readings: chúc, đuốc
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
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