理想

Chinese

		to manage; to heed; to put in order to manage; to heed; to put in order; reason; logic; science; inner principle or structure	to think; to believe; to suppose to think; to believe; to suppose; to wish; to want; to miss
simp. and trad. (理想)		理	想

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): lǐxiǎng

(Zhuyin): ㄌㄧˇ ㄒㄧㄤˇ
Cantonese (Jyutping): lei⁵ soeng²
Hakka
(Sixian, PFS): lî-sióng

(Hailu, HRS): li^ˋ siong^ˊ
Eastern Min (BUC): lī-siōng
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): lí-sióng / lí-siáng

(Teochew, Peng'im): li² siang²
Wu (Northern, Wugniu): ⁶li-shian / ³li-shian₃

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: lǐxiǎng [Phonetic: líxiǎng]
  - Zhuyin: ㄌㄧˇ ㄒㄧㄤˇ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: lǐsiǎng
  - Wade–Giles: li³-hsiang³
  - Yale: lǐ-syǎng
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: liisheang
  - Palladius: лисян (lisjan)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /li²¹⁴⁻³⁵ ɕi̯ɑŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: lei⁵ soeng²
  - Yale: léih séung
  - Cantonese Pinyin: lei⁵ soeng²
  - Guangdong Romanization: léi⁵ sêng²
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /lei̯¹³ sœːŋ³⁵/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: lî-sióng
  - Hakka Romanization System: li^ˊ xiong^ˋ
  - Hagfa Pinyim: li¹ xiong³
  - Sinological IPA: /li²⁴ si̯oŋ³¹/
- (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
  - Hakka Romanization System: li^ˋ siong^ˊ
  - Sinological IPA: /li⁵³ sioŋ²⁴/
Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: lī-siōng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /l̃i³³⁻³⁵ ^(s-)luoŋ³³/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou, General Taiwanese, Xiamen)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: lí-sióng
  - Tâi-lô: lí-sióng
  - Phofsit Daibuun: lysiorng
  - IPA (Taipei, Xiamen): /li⁵³⁻⁴⁴ siɔŋ⁵³/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /li⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ siɔŋ⁵⁵⁴/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /li⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ siɔŋ⁴¹/
- (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: lí-siáng
  - Tâi-lô: lí-siáng
  - Phofsit Daibuun: lysiarng
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /li⁵³⁻⁴⁴ siaŋ⁵³/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: li² siang²
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: lí siáng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /li⁵²⁻³⁵ siaŋ⁵²⁻²¹/
Wu
- (Northern: Shanghai)
  - Wugniu: ⁶li-shian
  - MiniDict: li^去 shian
  - Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ³li-xian
  - Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /li²² ɕiã⁴⁴/
- (Northern: Hangzhou)
  - Wugniu: ³li-shian₃
  - MiniDict: 'li^上 shian^上
  - Sinological IPA (Hangzhou): /li⁵⁵ ɕiæ̃²¹/

Noun

理想

ideal; dream
為理想而奮鬥／为理想而奋斗 ― wèi lǐxiǎng ér fèndòu ― to fight for one's dreams

共同理想 ― gòngtóng lǐxiǎng ― common ideals

青春的理想 ― qīngchūn de lǐxiǎng ― the ideals of youth

抱持著遠大的理想 [MSC, trad.]
抱持着远大的理想 [MSC, simp.]
bàochí zhe yuǎndà de lǐxiǎng [Pinyin]
to hold lofty ideals
(literary) theory
(mathematics) ideal

Synonyms

(dream):

edit

壯志 / 壮志 (zhuàngzhì) (great ambitions)
夢寐 / 梦寐 (mèngmèi) (literary)
夢想 / 梦想 (mèngxiǎng)
心志 (xīnzhì)
心骨 (xīngǔ) (literary)
志事 (zhìshì) (literary)
志向 (zhìxiàng)
志氣 / 志气 (zhìqì)
懷抱 / 怀抱 (huáibào) (literary)
抱負 / 抱负 (bàofù)
權欲 / 权欲 (quányù) (derogatory, lust for power)
職志 / 职志 (zhízhì)
野心 (yěxīn) (wild ambition)
雄心 (xióngxīn) (great ambitions)

(theory):

edit

學說 / 学说 (xuéshuō)
理念 (lǐniàn)
理論 / 理论 (lǐlùn)
說 / 说 (literary, or in compounds)
論理 / 论理 (lùnlǐ)

Adjective

理想

ideal
理想社會／理想社会 ― lǐxiǎng shèhuì ― ideal society

Derived terms

理想主義 / 理想主义 (lǐxiǎng zhǔyì)
理想化 (lǐxiǎnghuà)
理想家 (lǐxiǎngjiā)
理想氣體 / 理想气体 (lǐxiǎng qìtǐ)
理想鄉 / 理想乡 (lǐxiǎngxiāng)

Japanese

Kanji in this term
理	想
り Grade: 2	そう Grade: 3
on'yomi	goon

Etymology

May be a coinage in Japanese from Chinese-based roots as a compound of 理 (ri, “reason, principle”) +‎ 想 (sō, “thought, thinking”).

First cited in Japanese to the 1877 translation of John Stuart Mill's Utilitarianism, 利学 (Rigaku) by (“Nishi Amane”).^[1]

Pronunciation

(Tokyo) りそー [rìsóó] (Heiban – [0])^[2]
IPA^(key): [ɾʲiso̞ː]

Noun

理(り)想(そう) • (risō) ^{←りさう (risau)^?}

an ideal

Descendants

→ Korean: 이상 (isang)
→ Vietnamese: lí tưởng

References

^ “理想”, in 日本国語大辞典 [Nihon Kokugo Daijiten]‎^[1] (in Japanese), concise edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, 2006
^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

Korean

Hanja in this term
理	想

Noun

理想 • (isang) (hangeul 이상)

hanja form^? of 이상 (“ideal”)

Vietnamese

chữ Hán Nôm in this term
理	想

Noun

理想

chữ Hán form of lí tưởng (“ideal”)

[KDJ2-1] “理想”, in 日本国語大辞典 [Nihon Kokugo Daijiten]‎^[1] (in Japanese), concise edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, 2006

[DJR-2] Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

[1]

[2]