理論

See also: 理论

Chinese

	to manage; to heed; to put in order to manage; to heed; to put in order; reason; logic; science; inner principle or structure	to talk (about); to discuss; theory to talk (about); to discuss; theory; by the; per; the Analects (of Confucius)
trad. (理論)	理	論
simp. (理论)	理	论
anagram	論理／论理

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Standard)
(Pinyin): lǐlùn

(Zhuyin): ㄌㄧˇ ㄌㄨㄣˋ

(Dungan, Cyrillic and Wiktionary): лилун (lilun, I-II)
Cantonese (Jyutping): lei⁵ leon⁶
Hakka
(Sixian, PFS): lî-lun

(Hailu, HRS): li^ˋ lun^˖
Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): li³ long⁵ / li³ luong⁵
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): lí-lūn

(Teochew, Peng'im): li² lung⁶

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: lǐlùn
  - Zhuyin: ㄌㄧˇ ㄌㄨㄣˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: lǐlùn
  - Wade–Giles: li³-lun⁴
  - Yale: lǐ-lwùn
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: liiluenn
  - Palladius: лилунь (lilunʹ)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /li²¹⁴⁻²¹ lu̯ən⁵¹/
- (Dungan)
  - Cyrillic and Wiktionary: лилун (lilun, I-II)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /li²⁴ luŋ⁵¹/
  (Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: lei⁵ leon⁶
  - Yale: léih leuhn
  - Cantonese Pinyin: lei⁵ loen⁶
  - Guangdong Romanization: léi⁵ lên⁶
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /lei̯¹³ lɵn²²/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: lî-lun
  - Hakka Romanization System: li^ˊ lun
  - Hagfa Pinyim: li¹ lun⁴
  - Sinological IPA: /li²⁴⁻¹¹ lun⁵⁵/
- (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
  - Hakka Romanization System: li^ˋ lun^˖
  - Sinological IPA: /li⁵³ lun³³/
Puxian Min
- (Putian)
  - Pouseng Ping'ing: li³ long⁵ [Phonetic: li² long⁵]
  - Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: lî-leōng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /li⁴⁵³⁻¹³ lɔŋ¹¹/
- (Xianyou)
  - Pouseng Ping'ing: li³ luong⁵ [Phonetic: li² luong⁵]
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /li³³²⁻²⁴ luoŋ²¹/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: lí-lūn
  - Tâi-lô: lí-lūn
  - Phofsit Daibuun: lylun
  - IPA (Xiamen): /li⁵³⁻⁴⁴ lun²²/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /li⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ lun⁴¹/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /li⁵³⁻⁴⁴ lun²²/
  - IPA (Taipei): /li⁵³⁻⁴⁴ lun³³/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /li⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ lun³³/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: li² lung⁶
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: lí lŭng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /li⁵²⁻³⁵ luŋ³⁵/

Middle Chinese: liX lwon|lwonH

Rime
Character	理	論	論
Reading #	1/1	2/3	3/3
Initial (聲)	來 (37)	來 (37)	來 (37)
Final (韻)	之 (19)	魂 (55)	魂 (55)
Tone (調)	Rising (X)	Level (Ø)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Open	Closed	Closed
Division (等)	III	I	I
Fanqie	良士切	盧昆切	盧困切
Baxter	liX	lwon	lwonH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/lɨ^X/	/luən/	/luən^H/
Pan Wuyun	/lɨ^X/	/luon/	/luon^H/
Shao Rongfen	/lie^X/	/luən/	/luən^H/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/lɨ^X/	/lwən/	/lwən^H/
Li Rong	/liə^X/	/luən/	/luən^H/
Wang Li	/lĭə^X/	/luən/	/luən^H/
Bernhard Karlgren	/li^X/	/luən/	/luən^H/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	lǐ	lún	lùn
Expected Cantonese Reflex	lei⁵	leon⁴	leon⁶

Noun

理論

(mathematics, physics, literary, politics, etc.) theory
馬克思主義理論／马克思主义理论 ― mǎkèsīzhǔyì lǐlùn ― Marxist theory
theory (as opposed to practice)
reason

Synonyms

(theory):

edit

學說 / 学说 (xuéshuō)
理念 (lǐniàn)
理想 (lǐxiǎng) (literary)
說 / 说 (literary, or in compounds)
論理 / 论理 (lùnlǐ)

Antonyms

(antonym(s) of “theory”): 實踐／实践 (shíjiàn)

Derived terms

功能翻譯理論 / 功能翻译理论 (gōngnéng fānyì lǐlùn)
大霹靂理論 / 大霹雳理论 (Dàpīlì Lǐlùn)
弦理論 / 弦理论 (xiánlǐlùn)
心智理論 / 心智理论 (xīnzhì lǐlùn)
批判理論 / 批判理论 (pīpàn lǐlùn)
文學理論 / 文学理论 (wénxué lǐlùn)
文藝理論 / 文艺理论 (wényì lǐlùn)
樂理 / 乐理 (yuèlǐ)
混沌理論 / 混沌理论 (hùndùn lǐlùn)
理論上 / 理论上 (lǐlùnshàng)
理論家 / 理论家 (lǐlùnjiā)
目的性理論 / 目的性理论 (mùdìxìng lǐlùn)
突變理論 / 突变理论 (tūbiàn lǐlùn)
賽局理論 / 赛局理论 (sàijú lǐlùn)
酷兒理論 / 酷儿理论 (kù'ér lǐlùn)
音樂理論 / 音乐理论 (yīnyuè lǐlùn)

Verb

理論

to debate; to argue (with)
to reason things out; to judge between right and wrong
(obsolete) to look after; to tend; to be in charge of

Synonyms

(to debate):

edit

分說 / 分说 (fēnshuō) (literary)
分辯 / 分辩 (fēnbiàn)
力爭 / 力争 (lìzhēng)
反駁 / 反驳 (fǎnbó)
急聒 (jíguō) (literary)
扳 (literary, or in compounds)
批駁 / 批驳 (pībó)
爭執 / 争执 (zhēngzhí)
爭持 / 争持 (zhēngchí)
爭論 / 争论 (zhēnglùn)
爭議 / 争议 (zhēngyì)
爭辯 / 争辩 (zhēngbiàn)
痛斥 (tòngchì) (as a denouncement)
盤喙錦 / 盘喙锦 (Taiwanese Hokkien)
盤話 / 盘话
相拗 (Hakka)
相諍 / 相诤 (Hokkien)
相諍相拁 / 相诤相拁 (Quanzhou Hokkien)
紛爭 / 纷争 (fēnzhēng)
聲辯 / 声辩 (shēngbiàn)
計較 / 计较
諍喙 / 诤喙 (Hokkien)
論戰 / 论战 (lùnzhàn)
論爭 / 论争 (lùnzhēng)
較量 / 较量 (jiàoliàng)
辯嘴 / 辩嘴 (bìng-cṳ̌) (Northern Min)
辯白 / 辩白 (biànbái)
辯解 / 辩解 (biànjiě) (to try to defend oneself)
辯論 / 辩论 (biànlùn)
辯護 / 辩护 (biànhù)
辯駁 / 辩驳 (biànbó)
駁斥 / 驳斥 (bóchì) (as a denouncement)
駁議 / 驳议 (bóyì) (literary)

(to reason things out):

edit

評理 / 评理 (pínglǐ)
說明道理 / 说明道理 (shuōmíng dàolǐ)
說理 / 说理 (shuōlǐ)

(to look after):

edit

呵護 / 呵护 (hēhù)
帶量 / 带量 (dàiliàng) (literary)
招呼 (zhāohū)
照應 / 照应 (zhàoying)
照拂 (zhàofú)
照料 (zhàoliào)
照理 (zhàolǐ) (literary)
照看 (zhàokàn)
照管 (zhàoguǎn)
照顧 / 照顾 (zhàogù)
看管 (kānguǎn)
觀顧 / 观顾 (Hokkien)
調理 / 调理 (tiáolǐ)
關照 / 关照 (guānzhào)

Adjective

理論

(attributive) theoretical
理論框架／理论框架 ― lǐlùn kuàngjià ― theoretical framework

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (理論):

→ Japanese: 理(り)論(ろん) (riron)
→ Korean: 이론(理論) (iron)
→ Vietnamese: lý luận (理論)

Japanese

Kanji in this term
理	論
り Grade: 2	ろん Grade: 6
on'yomi

Pronunciation

(Tokyo) りろん [ríꜜròǹ] (Atamadaka – [1])^[1]
IPA^(key): [ɾʲiɾõ̞ɴ]

Noun

理(り)論(ろん) • (riron)

theory

Derived terms

理(り)論(ろん)的(てき) (rironteki): (adnominal) theoretical
理(り)論(ろん)的(てき)に (rironteki ni): (adv.) theoretically
理論的(りろんてき)には (rironteki ni wa): (adv.) theoretically speaking
理論上(りろんじょう) (rironjō): (adv.) theoretically
グラフ理論(りろん) (gurafu riron)
理論家(りろんか) (rironka): theorist
理論化学(りろんかがく) (rironkagaku): theoretical chemistry
理論空燃比(りろんくうねんひ) (rironkūnenhi)
理論体系(りろんたいけい) (rirontaikei)
理論値(りろんち) (rironchi)
理論(りろん)づける (rironzukeru), 理論付(りろんづ)ける (rironzukeru)
理論哲学(りろんてつがく) (rirontetsugaku): theoretical philosophy
理論闘争(りろんとうそう) (rirontōsō): theoretical dispute
理論武装(りろんぶそう) (rironbusō)
理論物理学(りろんぶつりがく) (rironbutsurigaku): theoretical physics

References

^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2019), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Fourth edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

Anagrams

論理(ろんり) (ronri)

Korean

Hanja in this term
理	論

Noun

理論 • (iron) (hangeul 이론)

hanja form^? of 이론 (“theory”)

Vietnamese

chữ Hán Nôm in this term
理	論

Noun

理論

chữ Hán form of lí luận (“theory”)

[DJR4-1] Matsumura, Akira, editor (2019), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Fourth edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

[1]