罰

See also: 罚 and 罸

罰	U+7F70, 罰 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-7F70

← 罯
[U+7F6F]

CJK Unified Ideographs

罱 →
[U+7F71]

Translingual

Han character

罰 (Kangxi radical 122, 网+9, 14 strokes, cangjie input 田中卜口弓 (WLYRN), four-corner 6062₀, composition ⿱罒䚯)

Derived characters

藅

Related characters

罚 (Simplified Chinese)

References

Kangxi Dictionary: page 948, character 33
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 28315
Dae Jaweon: page 1390, character 13
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2923, character 3
Unihan data for U+7F70

Chinese

trad.		罰
simp.		罚
alternative forms		罸𠟟𠟑𦋬

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 罰
Western Zhou	Warring States		Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)	Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Bronze inscriptions	Bronze inscriptions	Chu slip and silk script	Small seal script	Transcribed ancient scripts

Characters in the same phonetic series () (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
罰	*bad
藅	*bad

Ideogrammic compound (會意 / 会意): semantic 詈 (“abuse verbally”) + semantic 刀 (“knife”). To abuse verbally and to use a knife improperly represent a crime. The original version is 𠟑, in which the left component is 𧧧.

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): fá (fa²)

(Zhuyin): ㄈㄚˊ
Cantonese (Jyutping): fat⁶
Gan (Wiktionary): fat⁷
Hakka
(Sixian, PFS): fa̍t

(Meixian, Guangdong): fad⁶
Northern Min (KCR): huāi
Eastern Min (BUC): huăk
Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): huah⁷ / huoh⁷
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): hoa̍t

(Teochew, Peng'im): huêg⁸ / huag⁸
Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): ⁸vaq

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: fá
  - Zhuyin: ㄈㄚˊ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: fá
  - Wade–Giles: fa²
  - Yale: fá
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: far
  - Palladius: фа (fa)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /fä³⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
  - Jyutping: fat⁶
  - Yale: faht
  - Cantonese Pinyin: fat⁹
  - Guangdong Romanization: fed⁶
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /fɐt̚²/
Gan
- (Nanchang)
  - Wiktionary: fat⁷
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /fat̚²/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: fa̍t
  - Hakka Romanization System: fad
  - Hagfa Pinyim: fad⁶
  - Sinological IPA: /fat̚⁵/
- (Meixian)
  - Guangdong: fad⁶
  - Sinological IPA: /fat̚⁵/
Northern Min
- (Jian'ou)
  - Kienning Colloquial Romanized: huāi
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /xuai⁵⁵/
Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: huăk
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /huaʔ⁵/
Puxian Min
- (Putian)
  - Pouseng Ping'ing: huah⁷
  - Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: hua̍h
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /huaʔ⁴/
- (Xianyou)
  - Pouseng Ping'ing: huoh⁷
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /huoʔ⁴/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hoa̍t
  - Tâi-lô: hua̍t
  - Phofsit Daibuun: hoat
  - IPA (Xiamen): /huat̚⁴/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /huat̚²⁴/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /huat̚¹²¹/
  - IPA (Taipei): /huat̚⁴/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /huat̚⁴/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: huêg⁸ / huag⁸
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: hue̍k / hua̍k
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /huek̚⁴/, /huak̚⁴/

Note:

huêg8 - Chaozhou;
huag8 - Shantou.

Wu
- (Northern: Shanghai)
  - Wugniu: ⁸vaq
  - MiniDict: vah^入
  - Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ⁵vaq
  - Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /vaʔ¹²/

Middle Chinese: bjot

Rime
Character	罰
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	並 (3)
Final (韻)	月 (68)
Tone (調)	Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Closed
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	房越切
Baxter	bjot
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/bʉɐt̚/
Pan Wuyun	/bʷiɐt̚/
Shao Rongfen	/biuɐt̚/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/buat̚/
Li Rong	/biuɐt̚/
Wang Li	/bĭwɐt̚/
Bernhard Karlgren	/bʱi̯wɐt̚/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	fá
Expected Cantonese Reflex	faat⁶

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*[b][a]t/

(Zhengzhang): /*bad/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	罰
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	fá
Middle Chinese	‹ bjot ›
Old Chinese	/*[b][a]t/
English	punish
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	罰
Reading #	1/1
No.	2865
Phonetic component
Rime group	月
Rime subdivision	3
Corresponding MC rime	伐
Old Chinese	/*bad/

Definitions

罰

to punish; to fine; to sentence
punishment; penalty

Compounds

不罰 / 不罚
主罰 / 主罚
佛罰 / 佛罚 (fófá)
信賞必罰 / 信赏必罚
刑罰 / 刑罚 (xíngfá)
受罰 / 受罚 (shòufá)
可罰 / 可罚 (kěfá)
天罰 / 天罚 (tiānfá)
干罰
徇罰 / 徇罚
從罰 / 从罚
恭行天罰 / 恭行天罚
憲罰 / 宪罚
懲罰 / 惩罚 (chéngfá)
扎罰子
折罰 / 折罚
撻罰 / 挞罚
數罪併罰 / 数罪并罚 (shùzuì bìngfá)
明德慎罰 / 明德慎罚
易科罰金 / 易科罚金
明賞慎罰 / 明赏慎罚
神罰 / 神罚 (shénfá)
科罰 / 科罚 (kēfá)
罪與罰 / 罪与罚
罰一勸百 / 罚一劝百
罰不當罪 / 罚不当罪 (fábùdāngzuì)
罰企 / 罚企
罰作 / 罚作
罰例 / 罚例
罰俸 / 罚俸
罰則 / 罚则 (fázé)
罰單 / 罚单 (fádān)
罰寫 / 罚写
罰役 / 罚役
罰東道 / 罚东道
罰款 / 罚款 (fákuǎn)
罰爵 / 罚爵
罰球 / 罚球 (fáqiú)
罰球區域 / 罚球区域
罰科 / 罚科
罰站 / 罚站 (fázhàn)
罰約 / 罚约
罰誓 / 罚誓
罰贖 / 罚赎
罰跪 / 罚跪
罰酒 / 罚酒 (fájiǔ)
罰金 / 罚金 (fájīn)
罰錢 / 罚钱 (fáqián)
罰鍰 / 罚锾 (fáhuán)
處罰 / 处罚 (chǔfá)
責罰 / 责罚 (zéfá)
貨罰 / 货罚
貶罰 / 贬罚
賞功罰罪 / 赏功罚罪 (shǎng gōng fá zuì)
賞同罰異 / 赏同罚异
賞善罰惡 / 赏善罚恶
賞罰 / 赏罚 (shǎngfá)
賞罰不信 / 赏罚不信
賞罰不明 / 赏罚不明
賞罰不當 / 赏罚不当
賞罰分明 / 赏罚分明 (shǎngfá fēnmíng)
賞罰嚴明 / 赏罚严明
賞罰無章 / 赏罚无章
違警罰法 / 违警罚法
重罰 / 重罚 (zhòngfá)
鐫罰 / 镌罚
陟罰 / 陟罚 (zhìfá)
陟罰臧否 / 陟罚臧否 (zhìfázāngpǐ)
領罰 / 领罚
體罰 / 体罚 (tǐfá)
龔行天罰 / 龚行天罚

References

莆田市荔城区档案馆 [Putian City Licheng District Archives], editor (2022), “罚”, in 莆仙方言文读字汇 [Puxian Dialect Literary Reading Dictionary] (overall work in Mandarin and Puxian Min), page 61.

Japanese

Kanji

罰

(Jōyō kanji)

Readings

Go-on: ぼち (bochi)^{←ぼち (boti, historical)}
Kan-on: はつ (hatsu)^{←はつ (fatu, historical)}
Kan’yō-on: ばつ (batsu, Jōyō)^{←ばつ (batu, historical)}、ばち (bachi, Jōyō)^{←ばち (bati, historical)}

Alternative forms

罸 (archaic character)

Compounds

罰(ばっ)金(きん) (bakkin)
罰(ばっ)則(そく) (bassoku)
罰(ばっ)俸(ぽう) (bappō)
神(しん)罰(ばつ) (shinbatsu): divine punishment
天(てん)罰(ばつ) (tenbatsu): divine punishment
仏(ぶつ)罰(ばつ) (butsubatsu): punishment of the Buddha
罰(ばつ)ゲーム (batsu gēmu): "punishment game", as when one loses a bet and has to do something embarrassing

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
罰
ばち Grade: S
kan'yōon

Pronunciation

(Tokyo) ばち [bàchíꜜ] (Odaka – [2])^[1]
IPA^(key): [ba̠t͡ɕi]

Noun

罰(ばち) • (bachi)

(divine) punishment; a curse
(Hawaii, slang): loosely "what goes around comes around"; a mysterious force of divine retribution

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
罰
ばつ Grade: S
kan'yōon

Pronunciation

(Tokyo) ばつ [báꜜtsù] (Atamadaka – [1])^[1]
IPA^(key): [ba̠t͡sɨ]

Noun

罰(ばつ) • (batsu)

a punishment; a penalty

References

↑ ^1.0 ^1.1 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

Korean

Etymology

From Middle Chinese 罰 (MC bjot).

Historical Readings
Dongguk Jeongun Reading
Dongguk Jeongun, 1448	뻐ᇙ〮 (Yale: ppélq)
Middle Korean
Text	Eumhun
Text	*Gloss (hun)*	Reading
Hunmong Jahoe, 1527^[1]	죄〯줄 (Yale: cwǒy cwùl)	벌〮 (Yale: pél)