腎
See also: 肾
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Translingual
Han character
腎 (Kangxi radical 130, 肉+8 in Chinese, 肉+9 in Japanese, 12 strokes in Chinese, 13 strokes in Japanese, cangjie input 尸水月 (SEB), four-corner 77227, composition ⿱臤肉)
Descendants
References
- Kangxi Dictionary: page 987, character 2
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 29621
- Dae Jaweon: page 1439, character 13
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 2086, character 4
- Unihan data for U+814E
Chinese
| trad. | 腎 | |
|---|---|---|
| simp. | 肾 | |
Glyph origin
Characters in the same phonetic series (臣) (Zhengzhang, 2003)
Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *ɡjinʔ): phonetic 臤 (OC *kʰaːn, *kʰriːn, *ɡiːn, *kʰins) + semantic ⺼ (“meat; flesh”) – a body part, the kidneys.
Etymology
From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *m-k(j)un (“kidney”). Cognate with Burmese ကုန်း (kun:, “back”).
Pronunciation
- Mandarin
- Cantonese
- Gan (Wiktionary): siin5
- Hakka
- Jin (Wiktionary): seng3
- Northern Min (KCR): sēng
- Eastern Min (BUC): sêng
- Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): sing5
- Southern Min
- Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): 6zen
- Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): shen4
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin: shèn
- Zhuyin: ㄕㄣˋ
- Tongyong Pinyin: shèn
- Wade–Giles: shên4
- Yale: shèn
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shenn
- Palladius: шэнь (šɛnʹ)
- Sinological IPA (key): /ʂən⁵¹/
- (Chengdu)
- Sichuanese Pinyin: sen4
- Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: sen
- Sinological IPA (key): /sən²¹³/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: san6 / san5 / san5-2
- Yale: sahn / sáhn / sán
- Cantonese Pinyin: san6 / san5 / san5-2
- Guangdong Romanization: sen6 / sen5 / sen5-2
- Sinological IPA (key): /sɐn²²/, /sɐn¹³/, /sɐn¹³⁻³⁵/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
Note:
- san6 - literary (“kidney; testicle”);
- san5, san5-2 - vernacular (“gizzard”).
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
- Wiktionary: sin5
- Sinological IPA (key): /sin³²/
- Gan
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: sṳn
- Hakka Romanization System: siin
- Hagfa Pinyim: sin4
- Sinological IPA: /sɨn⁵⁵/
- (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
- Hakka Romanization System: shinˇ
- Sinological IPA: /ʃin¹¹/
- (Meixian)
- Guangdong: sen4
- Sinological IPA: /sən⁵³/
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Jin
- Northern Min
- (Jian'ou)
- Kienning Colloquial Romanized: sēng
- Sinological IPA (key): /seiŋ⁵⁵/
- (Jian'ou)
- Eastern Min
- Puxian Min
- (Putian)
- Pouseng Ping'ing: sing5
- Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: sīng
- Sinological IPA (key): /ɬiŋ¹¹/
- (Xianyou)
- Pouseng Ping'ing: sing5
- Sinological IPA (key): /ɬiŋ²¹/
- (Putian)
- Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: sīn
- Tâi-lô: sīn
- Phofsit Daibuun: sin
- IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /sin²²/
- IPA (Quanzhou): /sin⁴¹/
- IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /sin³³/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: siān
- Tâi-lô: siān
- Phofsit Daibuun: sien
- IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /siɛn²²/
- IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /siɛn³³/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: siǎn
- Tâi-lô: siǎn
- IPA (Quanzhou): /siɛn²²/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
Note:
- sīn - literary;
- siān/siǎn - vernacular.
- Middle Chinese: dzyinX
- Old Chinese
- (Baxter–Sagart): /*Cə.[ɡ]i[n]ʔ/
- (Zhengzhang): /*ɡjinʔ/
Definitions
腎
- (anatomy) kidney
- (traditional Chinese medicine) testicle
- (Cantonese) gizzard
- (Hong Kong Cantonese, Internet slang, humorous) deliberate misspelling of 賢 / 贤 (xián)
Synonyms
Dialectal synonyms of 腎 (“kidney”) [map]
Dialectal synonyms of 睪丸 (“testicle”) [map]
Compounds
- 敗腎 / 败肾
- 洗腎 / 洗肾 (xǐshèn)
- 腎上腺 / 肾上腺 (shènshàngxiàn)
- 腎上腺素 / 肾上腺素 (shènshàngxiànsù)
- 腎元 / 肾元 (shènyuán)
- 腎動脈 / 肾动脉 (shèndòngmài)
- 腎囊 / 肾囊 (shènnáng)
- 腎子 / 肾子 (shènzi)
- 腎炎 / 肾炎 (shènyán)
- 腎病症候群 / 肾病症候群 (shènbìngzhènghòuqún)
- 腎病綜合症 / 肾病综合症 (shènbìngzōnghézhèng)
- 腎癌 / 肾癌 (shèn'ái)
- 腎盂 / 肾盂 (shènyú)
- 腎盂炎 / 肾盂炎
- 腎素 / 肾素 (shènsù)
- 腎結核 / 肾结核
- 腎結石 / 肾结石 (shènjiéshí)
- 腎臟 / 肾脏 (shènzàng)
- 腎臟癌 / 肾脏癌 (shènzàng'ái)
- 腎虧 / 肾亏 (shènkuī)
- 腎錐體 / 肾锥体 (shènzhuītǐ)
- 腎靜脈 / 肾静脉 (shènjìngmài)
- 補腎 / 补肾 (bǔshèn)
- 賣腎 / 卖肾
- 雕肝琢腎 / 雕肝琢肾
- 雕肝鏤腎 / 雕肝镂肾
- 雞腎 / 鸡肾 (jīshèn)
- 鴨腎 / 鸭肾
References
- “腎”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)[1], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
- 莆田市荔城区档案馆 [Putian City Licheng District Archives], editor (2022), “肾”, in 莆仙方言文读字汇 [Puxian Dialect Literary Reading Dictionary] (overall work in Mandarin and Puxian Min), page 209.
Japanese
Kanji
腎
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
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Readings
Compounds
- 腎臓 (jinzō)
Etymology 1
/murato1/ → /murato/.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [mɯ̟ɾa̠to̞]
Noun
腎 • (murato)
- (obsolete) kidney
- 794, Shin'yaku Kegonkyō Ongi Shiki:
- 心腎肝脯 心人情也 腎音神 訓牟良斗 肝音干 訓岐毛
- (please add an English translation of this quotation)
Etymology 2
From earlier /murato/. Voicing suggests that it was originally a compound of mura and to.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [mɯ̟ɾa̠do̞]
Noun
腎 • (murado)
- (obsolete) kidney
- 938, Minamoto no Shitagō, Wamyō Ruijushō, volume 2, pages 35-36:
- 腎 白虎通云 時忍反 上聲之重 无良度 [...] 水之精也 色黑 [...] 水藏也 [...]
- (please add an English translation of this quotation)
References
- Takeuchi, Rizō (1962) Nara Ibun: Volume 3 (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Tōkyōdō Shuppan, →ISBN.
- Minamoto, Shitagō with Kyōto Daigaku Bungakubu Kokugogaku Kokubungaku Kenkyūshitu (931–938) Shohon Shūsei Wamyō Ruijushō: Honbunhen (in Japanese), Kyōto: Rinsen, published 1968, →ISBN.
Korean
Etymology
From Middle Chinese 腎 (MC dzyinX). Recorded as Middle Korean 신〮 (sín) (Yale: sin) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.
Hanja
Compounds
References
- 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典. [2]